小儿急性阑尾炎的检体诊断特征分析  

The features of physical diagnosis for acute appendicitis in children

作　　者：雷学锋[1] 柳良好 刘丹丹[3] 鲍俏[4] 张刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]济宁医学院附属医院小儿外科,272029 [2]济宁市兖州区中医医院普外科,272100 [3]济宁医学院附属医院超声科,272029 [4]广东省妇幼保健院外科,广州510000

出　　处：《中华诊断学电子杂志》2016年第2期120-122,共3页Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition)

摘　　要：目的探讨不同年龄段的小儿急性阑尾炎腹部检体诊断特点。方法将手术证实的431例小儿急性阑尾炎患儿分为新生儿组、婴幼儿组、学龄前组、学龄期组,对各组检体情况进行回顾性分析,总结其各自特点。结果新生儿组3例(0.70%)以腹胀、精神差、肠鸣音改变等为主,婴幼儿组31例(7.19%)以叩痛、减速带试验阳性、反跳痛等为主,学龄前组162例(37.59%)以叩痛、反跳痛、肠鸣音改变等为主,学龄期组235例(54.52%)以叩痛、减速带试验阳性、反跳痛等为主。结论各年龄段小儿急性阑尾炎的腹部检体诊断特点不相同,细致、准确的检体可提供重要诊断依据。Objective To investigate the features of physical diagnosis for acute appendicitis in the children of different age periods.Methods Four hundred and thirty-one cases with acute appendicitis （postoperative diagnosis） were enrolled in this study,and divided into newborn,infant,preschool,and school age-groups.The clinical physical diagnosis of each group was retrospectively analyzed to summarize the features.Results Three newborns（accounting for about 0.70%） were characterized by abdominal distention,bad spirit,weak bowel sounds,and so on.Thirty-one infants′ （7.19%） physical diagnosis were mainly percussion pain,positive speed humps test,rebound tenderness.The features of preschool group （162 cases,37.59%） were mainly percussion pain,rebound tenderness,bowel sounds changing.The features of school age group （235 cases,54.52%） were principally percussion pain,speed humps test positive,rebound tenderness.Conclusions There are discrepancies between four age-groups in the features of acute appendicitis.Detailed and accurate physical diagnosis can provide important diagnostic evidences of acute appendicitis in children.

关 键 词：儿童 阑尾炎 体格检查 诊断 

分 类 号：R726.5[医药卫生—儿科]