国内外生活饮用水水质标准比较和建议  

Comparison and Suggestion on Chinese and Foreign Drinking Water Quality Standards

作　　者：杨晶晶[1,2] 赵吉 周清 沈舒苏[1,2] 白仁碧[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学分离净化材料与技术研发中心,江苏苏州215009 [2]江苏高校水处理技术与材料协同创新中心,江苏苏州215009 [3]华衍水务<中国>有限公司,江苏苏州215200

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2016年第17期119-124,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：江苏省环境科学与工程重点实验室开放课题(ZD131206);苏州市分离净化材料与技术重点实验室课题(SZS201512);苏州市水利水务科研课题(2015-7-1);苏州科技学院科研基金资助项目(XKQ201503)

摘　　要：除放射性指标外,系统对比分析了中国、美国、欧盟、日本以及WHO饮用水水质标准中的指标项目及限值。对比发现,总体上讲,我国的指标数量在微生物指标、无机毒理指标以及感官和一般化学指标上的项目较多,而在消毒副产物指标、有机毒理指标上比较缺乏。微生物指标方面,美国和日本采用的异养菌指标可指示消毒效率和管网清洁度,值得我国借鉴。消毒副产物方面,我国缺乏毒性较大的卤乙腈类和N-亚硝基二甲胺指标。无机毒理指标中可借鉴限定硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐(以氮计)总量的形式。有机毒理指标方面,我国缺乏大量农药、持久性污染物等新检出率高、具有毒性的有机物指标。在此基础上提出了我国饮用水水质标准制定过程中可以借鉴和值得改进的地方。The indexes and limit values in water quality standards in China, US, European U- nion, Japan and World Health Organization （WHO） were compared and analyzed except for radioactive index. The quantities are sufficient in the microbial index, inorganic toxicity index, sensory and common chemical index, but lack in the disinfection byproducts index and organic toxicity index in Chinese stand- ards. The index of heterotrophic plate count adopted by US and Japan can reveal the disinfection efficien- cy and the cleanness of the pipe network, and it is worth learning. There is a lack of the indexes for halo- acetonitriles and N-nitrosodimethylamine of disinfection byproducts in Chinese standards. The indexes of nitrate and nitrite （as N） can provide the experience for the standard amendment in China. There is alack of the indexes in agricultural chemicals, persistent organic pollutants with the high detection rate and high toxicity in Chinese standards. Based on this, some problems and aspects worth learning in establish- ment of standards for drinking water quality in China were pointed out.

关 键 词：生活饮用水 水质标准 对比分析 消毒副产物 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]