秸秆还田方式对水稻田土壤理化性质及水稻产量的影响  

Effects of straw-returning modes on paddy soil properties and rice yield

作　　者：周运来[1,2] 张振华[2] 范如芹[2] 钱晓晴[1] 罗佳[2] 卢信[2] 刘宇锋[2] 刘丽珠[2] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225100 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2016年第4期786-790,共5页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401259);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(15)1003-5];农业部农业环境重点实验室开放基金

摘　　要：为了综合评价不同秸秆还田方式对低产水稻田土壤性质及水稻产量的影响,研究了秸秆原料生物炭+化肥、发酵床秸秆垫料有机肥和秸秆+猪粪有机肥施用后土壤养分、有机质、易氧化有机碳及水稻生长和产量的变化。与不施肥对照相比,不同秸秆还田方式下土壤中速效养分含量均有不同程度增加,但差异均不明显。秸秆生物炭+化肥有利于水稻稳产高产,产量高达7.86 t/hm^2,比单施化肥和不施肥对照分别增加9.78%和62.4%;秸秆生物炭施用有利于水稻分蘖期与拔节期生长和吸收养分,发酵床秸秆垫料有机肥和猪粪秸秆有机肥两种处理的水稻产量及生物量均显著低于单施化肥处理。表明不同秸秆还田方式对水稻田土壤理化性质及产量有着不同的影响,其中施用秸秆生物炭能提高土壤肥力并显著提高水稻产量。短期来看,不配施化肥而单施发酵床秸秆垫料有机肥或秸秆猪粪有机肥对水稻生长不利,长期效果有待观察。To comprehensively evaluate straw returning effects on low-yielding paddy rice yield and soil properties,three kinds of fertilizers,including straw litter in a pig-on-litter system( SP),straw + pig manure( OF) and wheat straw biochar + chemical fertilizer( BR) were applied,and no fertilization( CK) and chemical fertilizer [( NH_4)_2SO_4+Ca( H_2PO_4)_2+ KCl]( CF) were set as control. Compared with CK,soil available N,P,K and organic matter contents in treatment BR were 6. 00%,36. 30%,1. 28%,and 0. 88% higher,respectively. BR treatment also had the highest rice yield( 7. 86 t / hm^2) which was 62. 40% and 9. 78% higher than those of CK( 4. 84 t/hm2) and CF,respectively. BR treatment favored the growth and nutrient uptake of rice in tillering and jointing stages. The growth and yield of rice in SP and OF treatments were lower than that in CF treatments. It can be concluded that different straw utilization methods had distinct effects on soil properties and rice growth. Straw biochar + fertilizer( BR) could increase soil fertility and rice yield.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 生物炭 发酵床秸秆垫料 有机质 速效养分 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]