Mixing Alfalfa Straw and Maize Straw to Enhance Nitrogen Mineralization, Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activity: A Laboratory Study  

苜蓿秸秆配施玉米秸秆还田对氮矿化、微生物生物量和酶活性的影响（英文）

作　　者：李涛[1,2] 葛晓颖[1,2] 何春娥[1] 欧阳竹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2016年第8期1869-1874,共6页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2013AA102903)~~

摘　　要：The quality of straw affects N release after straw retention. As straw with high C： N ratio could result in N immobilization, additional N is needed to compensate N demand of crops. However, more and more N fertilizers have been applied to the soil to improve crop yields in China, which not only increases production cost but also reduces soil quality. Therefore, reasonable application of N fertilizer becomes a key problem after straw retention. This study aimed to assess the effects of applying maize straw with high quality alfalfa straw on mineral N content, microbial biomass and enzyme activity under controlled conditions. The effect of applying maize straw with alfalfa straw was compared with that of maize straw in combination with N fertilizer under the same C： N ratio （25：1）. The laboratory incubation experiment consisted of four treatments： （1） soil with no addition （CK）; （2） soil amended with maize straw （M）; （3） soil amended with alfalfa straw and maize straw with an adjusted C： N ratio of 25：1 （MM）; （4） soil amended with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and maize straw with an adjusted C：N ratio of 25：1 （MF）. The results showed that application of maize straw leaded to an N immobilization during the 270 d of incubation. Combined application of alfalfa and maize straw and or mineral N fertilizer alleviates the N immobilization and increase soil mineral N content. Compared to MF treatment, MM treatment prolonged N availability during the incubation. MM and MF treatments increased the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents, and soil invertase and β-glycosidase activities. There was no difference between MM and M treatment in soil urease activity. MF treatment had significantly negative influence on soil urease activity compared with M treatment. The amount of added N significantly affected mineral N content, soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity. The mixture of alfalfa straw and maize straw sustains higher level of mineral N content, microb秸秆的质量是影响秸秆还田后氮素矿化的重要因子。玉米秸秆C/N比较高,还田后往往造成对土壤氮素的固持,因此秸秆直接还田要补施氮肥,而在如今的农业生产中为满足对粮食产量的需求,氮肥的施用越来越多,不仅增加了生产成本还危害了土壤质量。在秸秆还田条件下,如何能够更加科学合理地施用氮肥是一个关键问题。该试验在可控条件下,研究苜蓿秸秆和玉米秸秆共同还田对氮矿化、土壤微生物生物量碳氮和酶活性的影响,比较豆科作物秸秆或者氮肥配施玉米秸秆在相同C/N下(25:1)还田对土壤供氮、土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响。室内实验共设置4个处理:(1)对照(CK);(2)玉米秸秆单施(M);(3)苜蓿秸秆配施玉米秸秆调节C/N为25∶1(MM);(4)无机氮肥配施玉米秸秆调节C/N为25∶1(MF),在25℃下共培养270 d。玉米秸秆单施在整个培养过程中均表现为对土壤氮素的固持作用,苜蓿秸秆与氮肥配施米秸秆均缓解了土壤微生物对土壤氮素固持作用,提高了土壤无机氮含量,苜蓿秸秆配施相比于氮肥配施延长了氮素的可利用性。苜蓿秸秆与氮肥配施提高了土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量以及转化酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性,并且以苜蓿配施处理最高。与玉米秸秆单施相比,苜蓿秸秆配施对脲酶活性影响没有差异,氮肥配施显著降低了脲酶活性。相关性分析表明,氮输入量显著影响了土壤无机氮含量、土壤微生物生物量和酶活性。相比于氮肥配施玉米秸秆还田,苜蓿秸秆配施玉米秸秆还田具有较高的土壤无机氮含量、土壤微生物量和酶活性。因此,我们认为相比于氮肥配施玉米秸秆还田,苜蓿秸秆配施玉米秸秆还田是一个比较好的农业生产实践模式。

关 键 词：Straw retention C： N ratio Mineral N Soil microbial biomass Soil enzyme activity 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]