基于空间分析的昭通天麻生态适宜性区划研究  

Ecological suitability regionalization for Gastrodia elata in Zhaotong based on Maxent and ArcGIS

作　　者：石子为 马聪吉 康传志 王丽[2] 张智慧[2] 陈骏飞[4] 张小波[3] 刘大会[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所,云南昆明650205 [3]中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材国家重点实验室培育基地,北京100700 [4]云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所,云南丽江674199

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2016年第17期3155-3163,共9页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAK13B04);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);云南省科技计划联合支持国家项目(2014GA006)

摘　　要：利用最大信息熵模型（Maxent）与地理信息系统（Arc GIS）,综合气候、地形、土壤、植被等相关生态因子,对昭通天麻的潜在分布区域进行了生态适宜性等级划分。结果表明,昭通天麻的最适生区（适宜系数〉0.6）主要集中分布在云南昭通（镇雄、彝良和大关,总面积2 872 km2）和贵州毕节（赫章、毕节和威宁,总面积1 251 km2）境内。影响昭通天麻分布的主要环境因素为海拔、11月平均降雨量、10月份降雨量、植被类型、3月平均降雨量、4月平均降雨量、土壤类型、等温性、6月平均降雨量等。昭通天麻最适区环境参数为海拔1 450~2 200 m,年平均气温为11~13.0℃,最冷月（1月）平均气温2.8~4.0℃,最热月（7月）平均气温18.0~20.4℃,年均降雨量在900 mm左右,土壤为黄壤、黄棕壤,酸性或微酸性的砂壤土。研究结果可为昭通天麻的生产区划和仿野生栽培的选址工作提供科学依据。In this paper, the potential distribution information and ecological suitability regionalization for Gastrodia elata in Zhao- tong were studied based on the climate, terrain, soil and vegetation factors analysis by Maxent and ArcGIS. The results showed that the highly potential distribution （ suitability index 〉 0. 6 ） mainly located in Zhaotong, Yunnan province （ Zhenxiong, Yiliang and Daguan county, with an area of 2 872 km2） , and Bijie, Guizhou province （Hezhang,Bijie,Weining county, 1 251 kin2）. The AUC of ROC curve was above 0. 99, indicating that the predictive results with the Maxent model were highly precise. The main ecological factors de- termining the potential distribution were the altitude, average rainfall in November, average rainfall in October, vegetation types, aver- age rainfall in March, average rainfall in April, soil types, isothermal characteristic and average rainfall in June. The environmental var- iables in the highly potential areas were determined as altitude around 1 450-2 200 m,annual average temperature around 18.0-20. 4 ℃, annual average precipitation around 900 mm, yellow soil or yellow brown soil,and acid sandy loam or slightly acidic sandy loam. The results will provide valuable references for plantation regionalization and the siting for imitation wild planting of G. data in Zhaotong.

关 键 词：昭通天麻 最大信息熵模型(Maxent) ArcGIS技术 生态因子 生态适宜性 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]