树枝状多孔二氧化硅纳米粒子的制备及其在先进载体中的应用  

Synthesis of Dendrimer-Like Porous Silica Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Advanced Carrier

作　　者：杜鑫[1] 赵彩霞[1] 黄洪伟[2] 温永强[1] 张学记[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学化学与生物工程学院生物工程与传感技术研究中心,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《化学进展》2016年第8期1131-1147,共17页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21501009);北京科技大学高水平拔尖人才引进计划(No.06500017);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(No.FRF-TP-15-019A1)资助~~

摘　　要：树枝状多孔二氧化硅纳米粒子具有中心辐射状孔道结构且孔道尺寸从粒子内部到粒子表面逐渐增加,是一种具有新颖结构的多孔材料。和传统的具有二维六方有序孔道结构的介孔二氧化硅粒子相比,这种粒子具有三维开放性的树枝状骨架结构,因而具有独特的结构优势,即高的孔渗透性和高的粒子内表面的可接触性,从而有利于物质(分子或纳米粒子)沿着中心辐射状的孔道进行输送,在树枝状粒子的内部负载或者与内部的活性位点发生反应。因此,这种粒子是一种很有前景的载体平台,可以用来构筑新型的吸附剂、纳米催化剂和基因药物的递送系统等。本综述首先介绍了一系列的合成方法和对树枝状骨架结构的调控策略,探讨了树枝状多孔结构对物理化学性能的影响,描述了其在催化、纳米生物医学、环境能源等领域的应用性能,并对树枝状多孔二氧化硅粒子的合成方向和应用前景进行了展望。Dendrimer-like porous silica nanoparticles, which have center-radial pore structures with gradually increasing pore sizes from particle interior to particle surface, are a kind of new porous material. Compared with conventional mesoporous silica nanoparticles （MSNs） with uniform hexagonal ordered mesopores, dendrimer- like nanoparticles have remarkable structure advantages due to their unique open three-dimensional dendritic superstructures, such as high pore permeability and high accessibility to internal surface, thus being in favor of mass （molecules and even nanoparticles ） transfer process along center-radial pore channels, loading in the interior of dendritic nanoparticles or reacting with active sites in the particles. Therefore, they are very promising platforms to construct advanced adsorbents, nanocatalysts and drugs and gene nanocarriers. In this review, we first introduce a series of synthesis methods and the intrinsic mechanism about how to regulate the dendritic structure, then analyze their unique structural characteristics and the corresponding physicochemical properties, subsequently present a few examples of interesting applications mainly in catalysis, biomedicine, environment and energy, and other important fields, finally conclude with an outlook on the prospects and challenges in terms of their controlled synthesis and potential applications.

关 键 词：树枝状多孔结构 中心辐射状孔道 二氧化硅 纳米粒子 载体 

分 类 号：O611.4[理学—无机化学] TB383[理学—化学]