“三权分置”背景下的土地信托流转模式分析——以湖南益阳沅江的实践为例  

Analysis of Land Trust Mode under the Background of “Separation of Three Rights:Ownership, Contracted and Management Rights of Rural Land”——Take the Practice of Yuanjiang in Yiyang, Hunan as an Example

作　　者：刘卫柏[1] 彭魏倬加 

机构地区：[1]清华大学中国农村研究院/公共管理学院,中国北京100084 [2]浙江大学经济学院,中国浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《经济地理》2016年第8期134-141,共8页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(14BJL071;15BJY086);中国博士后基金项目(2016M590078);湖南省教育厅重点项目(15A174);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(13B109)

摘　　要：在简单回顾农村土地制度变迁的基础上,对比分析两种不同土地产权制度条件下的农村土地流转模式特征、土地权能及其配置情形,提出破解土地细碎化和资金投入不足困境的假说,即地方政府依托政府信用为农村土地信托流转平台提供信托,并利用湖南沅江市农村土地信托流转的案例对假说进行分析验证。研究发现,在坚持农村土地集体所有和实现土地所有权、承包权和经营权三权分置条件下,政府主导的土地信托流转是实现农村产业结构调整,推动农业现代化、规模化,达成土地集中成片规模经营目标的重要创新。一方面,地方政府的信用担保消除了农民的担心和顾虑,增强了农户参与农村土地流转的意愿,增加了农村土地流转的规模和速度;另一方面,较好地解决了工商资本等外部资本投资农业推动农业现代化过程中土地细碎化及谈判成本、道德风险较大等问题。What mainly restricts the present adjustment of rural industrial structure is land fragmentation and deficiency of capital investment. On the basis of briefly reviewing the historical change of rural land system, this thesis first makes a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the patterns for rural land transfer, land capability and its configuration under two different conditions of land property systems, then brings forward the hypotheses of cracking the dilemma of land fragmentation and insufficient capital investment and the local governments providing affiance for the Rural Land Trust circulation platform relying on the government credit, and furthermore uses the case of rural land trust transfer in Yuanjiang, Hunan to make a further analysis and verification of them. The research has indicated that the transfer of government-oriented land trust is the crucial innovation way of realizing the adjustment of rural industrial structure, promoting agricultural modernization, large scale and achieving the business goal of land concentration with a large scale under the conditions of adhering to the rural collective land ownership and implementing the separation of three rights： ownership, contracted and management fights of rural land. For one thing, the local governments＇ credit guarantee eliminates the farmers＇ fears and concerns, enhances the farmers＇ willingness to participate in rural land transfer and increases the scale and speed of rural land circulation; for another, it better resolves such problems as negotiation costs and greater moral hazard and land fragmentation in the process that the external capital, like the industrial and commercial capital, invests in agriculture and pushes forward agricultural modernization.

关 键 词：土地信托 流转模式 政府信用 产业结构调整 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]