4种农药对黄河鲤胚胎和仔鱼的急性毒性研究  

Acute Toxicity of Four Pesticides on Embryo and Larvae of Yellow River Carp(Cyprinus carpio)

作　　者：张弯弯[1] 贾永芳[1] 梁婷婷[1] 张瑞华[1] 杜启艳[1] 常重杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2016年第9期135-139,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31200923;U1204329);河南省基础与前沿技术项目(142300410164);河南省科技攻关项目(142102310045);河南省教育厅自然科学研究项目(14A180031)

摘　　要：为了检测乙羧氟草醚、五氟磺草胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯和吡虫啉4种常见农药对水生生物的毒性,以黄河鲤胚胎和仔鱼为材料,研究4种农药的急性毒性效应。在鲤鱼胚盘隆起期、原肠胚中期、神经胚期、尾芽期分别进行药物处理(未施用农药处理为对照),研究4种农药对黄河鲤胚胎孵化率和畸形率的影响。结果表明,乙羧氟草醚、五氟磺草胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯和吡虫啉处理组胚胎最低孵化率分别为44.77%、50.68%、43.50%、51.26%,极显著低于对照组;最高畸形率依次为43.75%、51.10%、61.91%、52.07%,极显著高于对照组;黄河鲤胚胎对农药的最敏感时期集中于原肠胚中期和神经胚期。在仔鱼的急性毒性试验中,乙羧氟草醚、五氟磺草胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯、吡虫啉对黄河鲤仔鱼的96 h半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为0.118 9 mg/L、0.743 2 mg/L、1.126 5μg/L、12.940 8 mg/L。可见,4种农药对黄河鲤胚胎和仔鱼具有剧毒或高毒性效应,应适量施用。In this study,four pesticides fluoroglycofen,penoxsulam,lambda-cyhalothrin,imidacloprid were investigated for their acute embryo and larvae toxicity on Yellow River carps. After exposure to four pesticides from blastodisc forming,gastrula,neurulation and tail bud stage respectively（ the control group without pesticide）,the hatching rate and teratogeny rates were recorded. The results showed that the least embryo hatching rate of fluoroglycofen,penoxsulam,lambda-cyhalothrin,imidacloprid treatment groups（ 44. 77%,50. 68%,43. 50%,51. 26%） were significant lower than that of control; the highest teratogeny rate（ 43. 75%,51. 10%,61. 91%,52. 07%） were significant higher than that of control,the most sensitive toxicity effect caused by pesticides occured at gastrula and neurula stage. Through acute larvae toxicity experiments,the LC50（ 96 h） of fluoroglycofen,penoxsulam,lambda-cyhalothrin,imidacloprid in Yellow River carp larvae were 0. 118 9 mg / L,0. 743 3 mg / L,1. 122 6 μg / L,12. 940 8 mg / L respectively. In summary,four kinds of pesticides all showed highly toxic to Yellow River carp and should be used reasonably.

关 键 词：农药 黄河鲤 胚胎 仔鱼 急性毒性 

分 类 号：S948[农业科学—水产养殖]