黑鹰纹章的演变与德意志国家的构建  

The Changes of Black Eagle on the Coat of Arms and German State Building

作　　者：林纯洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学外国语学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《同济大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第4期19-25,共7页Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"德国史专题研究"(项目编号:13AZD041)

摘　　要：鹰在古典时代是宙斯和罗马皇帝的标志。在中世纪纹章兴起之后,鹰被神圣罗马帝国皇帝采用为纹章,并在基督教氛围影响下,被赋予了基督教的神圣含义。单头鹰象征德意志国王,双头鹰象征皇权与帝国。诸侯对纹章的选择象征了皇帝与诸侯关系的亲疏。民族国家兴起后,黑鹰逐渐成为德意志国家的标志。普鲁士之鹰、共和之鹰和联邦之鹰分别见证了德意志民族国家的建立、现代国家的建立与失败,乃至重构。The eagle was the symbol of Zeus and the roman emperor.After the coat of arms emerged in the Middle Ages,the eagle became the coat of arms of the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and was endowed with holy Christian significance under the influence of Christianity. The eagle symbolized the German king and the double-headed eagle symbolized the empire and royal power;the coat of arms of dukes and princes hinted their relations with the emperor.After the emergence of nation states,the eagle came to become the national symbol of Germany.The Prussian eagle,republican eagle and federal eagle testified respectively the establishment of the German nation state as well as the establishment,failure and reconstruction of the modern state.

关 键 词：纹章 鹰 德意志 国家构建 

分 类 号：K516.33[历史地理—历史学] K516.0[历史地理—世界史]