氧化剂包覆硼颗粒对硼基推进剂点火燃烧特性的影响  

Effect of Oxidant Coating Boron Particle on the Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Boron-based Propellant

作　　者：陈冰虹[1] 刘建忠[1] 梁导伦 李和平[1,2] 周俊虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学能源清洁利用国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310027 [2]杭州电子科技大学能源研究所,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《含能材料》2016年第8期774-780,共7页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51106135)

摘　　要：选取高氯酸铵(AP)、硝酸铵(AN)、硝基胍(NQ)、奥克托今(HMX)4种氧化剂,采用重结晶法包覆硼(B)颗粒,制取了相应的B基推进剂样品。利用热重-差示扫描量热及激光点火试验系统研究了不同氧化剂包覆对B基推进剂点火燃烧特性的影响,设置机械混合样品作为对照组。结果表明,AP的包覆会使样品发生低温急剧燃烧,从而促进硼颗粒的低温氧化,有效缩短样品的点火延迟时间至330 ms。与机械混合样品进行对照发现,包覆是产生低温急剧燃烧现象的重要原因。AN包覆的B基推进剂样品具有更低的起始反应温度,为327.6℃,但其整体放热性能较差,平均燃烧温度仅为642.8℃。NQ、HMX的包覆能有效提高B基推进剂的燃烧强度,缩短燃烧时间。其中,NQ有利于提高燃烧强度的峰值;而HMX则更有利于整体燃烧强度的提升,其包覆使B基推进剂燃烧时间缩短为2750 ms,平均燃烧温度达到845.5℃,放热量提高至9968 J·g^(-1)。The boron-based propellant samples were prepared through coating boron particles with a recrystallization method selecting ammonium perchlorate（AP）, ammonium nitrate（AN）, nitroguanidine（NQ） and octogen（HMX） as four kinds of oxidants. The effect of different oxidant coating on the ignition and combustion characteristics of boron-based propellant was studied by using TG-DSC and laser ignition test system. The mechanical mixing sample was set as control group. Results show that AP coating can induce low-temperature deflagration of the sample, so as to promote the low-temperature oxidation of boron particles. It helps to effectively shorten the ignition delay time of the sample to 330 ms. By comparing with the mechanical mixing sample, the recrystallization method was found to be the main cause of low-temperature deflagration of the sample. The sample coated by AN has a lower initial reaction temperature of 327.6 ℃. However, its whole exothermic properties are poor, the average combustion temperature is only 642.8 ℃. The coating of NQ and HMX can effectively improve the combustion strength of B-based propellants, shorten the combustion time. Among them, NQ can help to improve the maximum combustion intensity. HMX is more conducive to the upgrade of the whole combustion intensity. The coating of HMX makes the combustion time of B-based propellant shorten to 2750 ms, the average combustion temperature reaches 845.5 ℃ and the heat release is raised to 9968 J·g-1.

关 键 词：硼基推进剂 氧化剂 包覆 热氧化特性 点火燃烧特性 

分 类 号：V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]