园龄·施肥方式·种植模式对苹果园土壤紧实度的影响——以渭北苹果园为例  

Effects of Orchard Ages,Fertilizing Methods and Planting Patterns on Soil Compaction in Apple Orchards—A Case Study of Weibei Apple Orchard

作　　者：李鹏 

机构地区：[1]陕西省发展一村一品指导中心,陕西西安710003

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第21期98-99,共2页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]探讨不同园龄、施肥方式、种植模式对渭北苹果园土壤紧实度的影响,揭示渭北苹果园土壤紧实化问题。[方法]在渭北地区的洛川、白水两地分别选取园龄≤10、11-15、16-20、21-25、〉25 a的苹果园各3个,长期单施化肥和化肥与农家肥配施的苹果园各3个,从未种过苹果树的农田各3块,分别测定0-45 cm土层土壤紧实度,对比分析土壤紧实度差异。[结果]渭北苹果园的土壤紧实度总体上随园龄增加呈现先下降后增加的趋势。在0-30 cm土层,随土层深度的增加,各园龄土壤紧实度急剧增大;30-45 cm土层,各园龄土壤紧实度变化不大。苹果园和农田的土壤紧实度差异不明显;长期单施化学肥料的苹果园土壤紧实度明显高于化学肥料与农家肥配施的苹果园。[结论]渭北苹果园土壤的紧实化趋势严重,化学肥料与农家肥配施能明显减少渭北苹果园0-45 cm土层土壤紧实度,有利于果树根系的生长和延伸。[Objective] Effects of different orchard ages,fertilizing methods and planting patterns on soil compaction in Weibei apple orchards were studied to reveal the orchard soil compaction problems in this region. [Method]Three replicates of ≤10,11- 15,16- 20,21- 25 and 〉25 year old orchards were selected respectively in Luochuan and Baishui of Weibei Region in Shaanxi Province. Three replicates with long- term utilization of chemical fertilizer and those with combined application of farmyard manure with chemical fertilizer were selected respectively. Three farmlands that had never planted apple trees before were selected. The soil compaction of 0- 45 cm soil layer in this region was tested. The soil compaction differences among the apple orchards at different ages were also analyzed. [Result]Soil compaction of Weibei orchard soil generally changed with the increase of orchard age. In 0- 30 cm soil layer,soil compaction in orchards at different ages increased dramatically with the increase of soil depth. There was only slight change of soil compaction in 30- 45 cm soil layer. The difference between apple orchards and farmland in soil compaction was insignificant. The soil compaction of the apple orchards with long- term application of chemical fertilizer was significantly higher than those applying combined fertilization of chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure. [Conclusion]Soil compaction became a serious issue among Weibei apple orchards. Combined application of chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure could markedly reduce soil compaction in 0- 45 cm soil layer of Weibei apple orchards,conductive to the root＇s lengthening growth.

关 键 词：土壤紧实度 园龄 施肥方式 种植模式 苹果园 渭北地区 

分 类 号：S606.1[农业科学—园艺学]