清与坎巨提宗藩关系中的几个问题  

Several Problems in the Research of Suzerain-vassal Relationships between China and Kanjut

作　　者：李强[1] 纪宗安[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州大学人文学院

出　　处：《西域研究》2016年第3期38-46,143,共9页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"英属印度西北边疆政策对中国国家安全的影响"(项目编号:10CZS031);广州市规划学科共建项目"英属印度西北边疆政策对中国西部边疆的影响"(项目编号:09AC004)阶段性成果

摘　　要：自1761年入贡,坎巨提同中国的宗藩关系延续了177年。19世纪末坎巨提危机的出现使中英俄三方聚焦于中国帕米尔,为了联华抗俄,已经兼并了坎巨提的英国接受了中英两属体制。甲午战争后,英国通过麦克唐纳照会要求清政府放弃坎巨提宗主权,迫于俄国的外交压力,清政府采取了不予理睬的对策,中英两属体制延续至1935年,20世纪30年代英国无力对抗苏联在新疆的压倒性优势,1937年终止了坎巨提同中国的封贡关系,关闭英属印度西北边界。Since Kanjut paid a tribute of 1 ounces of gold dust to China in 1761,the tributary between China and Kanjut lasted for as long as 177 years. As Kanjut crisis was arisen,China,Britain and Russia focused their attention on Chinese Pamir in the late nineteenth century. In order to compete with Russia in alliance with China,Kanjut was regarded as the common tribute state of China and Britain in spite of being annexed by British India After Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895,China was required to relinquish her claims to the Kanjut by the Mac Donald note of March 1899. Under diplomatic pressure from Russia,Qing government adopted policy of ignoring,so the status of common tribue state of Kanjut last till 1935. Britain could not challenge Soviet's hegemony in Sinkiang in the 1930 s,so it stopped Kanjut's ties with China on the basis of tributary system in 1937 and closed British India's northwestern border.

关 键 词：新疆 坎巨提 宗藩 帕米尔 英属印度 中亚角逐 中印边界 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学]