东北三省禾谷类作物真菌分离鉴定及污染率调查  

Isolation and identification of Fungus among the Cereal Crops in Northeastern Three Provinces and Investigation of Contamination Rate

作　　者：张铉哲[1] 李微[1] 郝璐[1] 候思宇 李宝刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]沈阳科创化学品有限公司,沈阳110161

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2016年第1期68-72,共5页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：哈尔滨市科技攻关计划项目(2011AA613BN072-1)

摘　　要：为明确东北三省谷物类病害的病原菌种类及污染概况,本研究于2012年在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁三省15个禾谷类作物主产区进行抽查取样。污染率调查结果显示,黑龙江省采集的水稻、玉米和小麦的污染率分别为29.20%、7.50%和57.50%;吉林省采集的水稻和玉米的污染率分别为39.30%和9.40%;辽宁省采集的水稻、玉米和小麦的污染率分别为3.75%、17.50%和20.00%。从东北三省采集的26份样品中共获得254株病原真菌,通过形态学鉴定共分离到6种属的病原菌,分别为镰孢菌属、链格孢菌属、根霉属、曲霉属、平脐蠕孢属和枝孢属。它们的分离频率分别为20.58%、1.25%、2.21%、0.10%、0.20%和0.10%。其中以镰孢菌属的分离频率最高,为优势菌种。Samplings from 15 main production areas were collected in 2012 to know the pathogen kinds of cereal crops from Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces and contamination rate. The results showed that contamination rate of rice, corn and wheat collected from Heilongjiang Province were 29.20%, 7.50% and 57.50%, respectively. The contamination rate of rice and corn collected from Jilin Province were 39.30% and 9.40%, respectively. The contamination rate of rice, corn and wheat collected from Liaoning Province were 3.75%, 17.50% and 20.00%, respectively. 254 strains were isolated from 26 samples of rice, wheat and corn in the three northeast provinces. Finally, six species were found, including Fusarium spp., Alternaria solani, Rhizopus spp., Aspegillus spp., Bipolaris spp., and Cladosporium spp. The isolation frequency of Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., Rhizopus spp., Aspergillus spp., Bipolaris spp., and Cladosporium spp. were 20.58%, 1.25%, 2.21%, 0.10%, 0.20% and 0.10%, respectively. Of which, the isolation frequency of Fusarium species was highest, and Fusarium spp. was the dominant group.

关 键 词：镰孢菌属 鉴定 污染率 分离频率 

分 类 号：S435.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]