皮肤镜在毛发疾病诊断中的应用  

The Application of Dermoscopy in Hair Loss Disorders

作　　者：叶艳婷[1] 章星琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学附属第一医院皮肤科,广东广州510080

出　　处：《中国医学文摘（皮肤科学）》2016年第4期432-437,共6页China Medical Abstracts(Dermatology)

摘　　要：皮肤镜是一种皮肤显微镜,具有无创性、放大性和便携性,但皮肤镜并不单纯是放大镜:借助于偏振光的原理,皮肤镜在放大皮肤表面形态的同时,能够观察到皮下真皮浅层的血管分布、毛囊结构等,在毛发疾病中可用于观察毛囊型及毛囊间型的皮肤镜特点,以及毛干和毛根处头皮情况等相关内容。常见的脱发疾病有其特异性或非特异性的皮肤镜征象,掌握这些皮肤镜征象将有助于常见脱发疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断,如非瘢痕性斑状脱发的鉴别诊断、急性弥漫性脱发的鉴别诊断等;而斑秃患者的黑点征、感叹号发与断发的存在与否对临床治疗具有重要的指导意义。Dermoscopy as a microscope is noninvasive,amplificatory and portability. Dermoscopy is not a simply magnifier. With the help of the polarized light,dermoscopy not only can amplify the surface morphology of skin,but also can be used to observe the distribution of vessels and the morphology of hair follicle at the subcutaneous dermal layer. Dermoscopy can be used to observe the follicular patterns,interfollicular patterns,hair shaft and hair roots through the scalp in hair disorders. The common hair loss disorders with their specific or nonspecific dermoscopic features could help their diagnosis and differential diagnosis,such as the differential diagnosis of non-cicatricial patchy alopecia and acute diffuse effluvium,etc. Besides,the existence of black dots,exclamation mark hair and broken hair play an important role in the treatment guide of alopecia areata.

关 键 词：皮肤镜 毛发疾病 瘢痕性脱发 非瘢痕性脱发 斑秃 

分 类 号：R758.71[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]