防控番茄灰霉病的化学药剂和生防菌株筛选研究  

Studies on Biocontrol Strains and Chemical Fungicides for Prevention and Control of Tomato Gray Mold Disease

作　　者：牛贞福 国淑梅 张鹤[2] 温凯 王永强 

机构地区：[1]山东农业工程学院,济南250100 [2]山东英才学院,济南250104

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2016年第3期41-45,共5页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：济南市科技发展计划项目(201401271);山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J12LF51)

摘　　要：为降低番茄灰霉病病原菌的抗药性,提高防控效果,用菌丝生长速度法确定了番茄灰霉病病原菌适宜生长的温光条件,并对常用的化学药剂和6种生防菌株进行了筛选。结果表明：番茄灰霉病病原菌在5~30℃均可生长,最适温度25~30℃,超过33℃病原菌不萌发,病原菌生长速度在光照条件下总体上略快于黑暗条件。防治番茄灰霉病的药剂C效果最好,在前8天抑菌率达100%;其次是药剂A,药剂B、药剂D效果较差;有光条件下病原菌在含药剂A平板上比黑暗条件下生长速度略快,在含药剂B、D平板上则慢得多。生防菌株以木霉、拟康氏木霉、黑根霉、匍枝根霉对番茄灰霉病抑制效果较好,抑菌率均在65%以上,拮抗级数均达到Ⅱ级,其中木霉、拟康氏木霉、黑根霉对峙的病原菌菌落呈现萎缩现象,抑菌效果较好。在田间试验中,化学药剂C、A对番茄灰霉病防效最高,分别为69.14%、66.01%;生防菌株中木霉发酵液防效最高,为61.09%,其防效处于4种化学药剂的中等水平。In order to reduce the tomato gray mold pathogen resistance and improve the prevention and control effect, the suitable growth temperature and light conditions of tomato gray mold pathogen was determined with myceli- um growth velocity method, and the commonly used chemicals and six kinds of biocontrol strains were screened too. The results showed that the pathogen of tomato gray mold could grow at 5 - 30~C, and the optimum temperature was 25 - 30~C. The pathogen could not germinate above 33~C. The growth rate of pathogen was slightly faster under the light conditions than that of the dark conditions on the whole. Chemical C was the best in prevention and control tomato grey mold, in the first 8 d antimicrobial rate by 100%. Followed by the Chemical A, the effect of B and D was poorer. The pathogen grew slightly faster under the light conditions than the dark conditions in chemical A plate, but much slower in chemical B and D plate. To biocontrol strains, inhibition effect of Trichoderma viride, Trichoder- ma pseudokoningii, Rhizopus nigricans, Rhizopus stolonifer were good, inhibition rate more than 65%. Antagonistic series reached grade II. Pathogen colonies which confront Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Rhizopus nigricans showed atrophy, so the inhibition effect was better. In field experiments, control effect of chemical C, A to tomato gray mold pathogen was the highest, 69.14% and 66.01%, respectively. To biocontrol strains, the best prevention effect was fermentation liquid, which was 61.09%, and it was in medium level of four kinds of chemical agents.

关 键 词：番茄 灰霉病病原菌 化学药剂 生防菌株 

分 类 号：S436.412.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]