热轧不锈钢板酸洗工艺  

Pickling process of hot-rolled stainless steel

作　　者：刘承军[1,2] 岳莹莹[1,2] 史培阳[1,2] 姜茂发[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学多金属共生矿生态化冶金教育部重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110819 [2]东北大学冶金学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《中国冶金》2016年第8期39-44,共6页China Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51374059);中央高校基本科研业务费基金资助项目(N130402020)

摘　　要：为去除热轧不锈钢板表面的氧化层与贫铬层,钝化基体,改善表面质量,在热轧退火后需进行酸洗处理。介绍了热轧不锈钢板表面氧化层和贫铬层的组成与结构特征及其对酸洗过程的影响,并对热轧不锈钢板的酸洗体系设计和酸洗工艺开发进行了阐述。中国热轧不锈钢板普遍采用前处理(机械除鳞、中性盐电解等)→硫酸(电解)预酸洗→硝酸-氢氟酸终酸洗的酸洗工艺,旨在通过前处理和预酸洗去除大部分的氧化层,在终酸洗阶段去除残余氧化层及贫铬层,同时实现基体钝化。目前,热轧不锈钢板的酸洗工艺存在酸洗效果不稳定、贫铬层去除不完全、局部腐蚀较为严重等问题,且会产生不同程度的环境污染问题。应该根据不同钢种不同退火工艺条件下的表面氧化层与贫铬层的性质与分布特征,研究开发相应的酸洗体系和酸洗工艺。热轧不锈钢板的环保型酸洗新工艺具有广阔的发展前景。The pickling process is employed to remove the oxide layer and Cr-depleted layer on the surface of hotrolled stainless steel,passivate the substrates and to improve the surface integrity after rolling and annealing.The composition and structure of oxide layer and Cr-depleted layer on the surface of hot-rolled stainless steel,and its effects on the subsequent pickling process are reviewed.The preliminary pickling methods and the mechanism of different pickling solutions are discussed in detail.The most widely used pickling process of hot-rolled stainless steel in China involves preliminary treatment（shot blasting and electrochemical neutral pickling）,sulfuric acid pre-pickling and the final pickling with HNO_3-HF mixtures.The preliminary treatment and pre-pickling contribute to move the major oxide layer and the final pickling removes the Cr-depleted layer and passivates the substrate as well.However,there are some problems for the pickling process of stainless steel in the unstable pickling effect,insufficient Crdepleted layer removal,local corrosion and the environmental pollution at present.The pickling system and process should be designed based on the property of oxide layer and Cr-depleted layer for different steel grades and annealing conditions.Thus,an environmental-friendly pickling process has a vast development prospects.

关 键 词：热轧不锈钢 酸洗 氧化层 贫铬层 钝化 环保 

分 类 号：TG337.5[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]