不完整气象资料下基于作物模型的产量预报方法  

Methods for Yield Forecast Based on Crop Model with Incomplete Weather Observations

作　　者：秦鹏程[1] 刘敏[1] 万素琴[1] 苏荣瑞 

机构地区：[1]武汉区域气候中心,武汉430074 [2]湖北省荆州农业气象试验站,荆州434025

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2016年第4期407-416,共10页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：湖北省气象局科技项目(2015Q05);中国气象局产量预报专项建设(2015);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306035)

摘　　要：针对基于作物模型开展产量实时预报后期气象资料的获取问题,提出通过相似类比,从历史气象资料库中获取替代资料的方案,基于CERES-Rice模型系统评估了平均值处理方案和历史相似类比方案的可预报性和误差分布特征。结果表明:水稻产量对成熟前2个月内的气象条件较为敏感,基于气象资料和作物模型开展产量预测,在5%误差范围内可获得60%以上的预测概率;以多年气候平均值替代起报日后期气象资料,在成熟前2个月起报预测概率约为60%,成熟前1个月约为70%,但预报误差系统性偏高;采用气候相似类比方法,从历史气象资料中获取起报日后期替代资料,可有效降低预报误差的系统偏差,若引入后期气候趋势信息,成熟前2个月起报预测概率可达80%以上,较采用历史平均值有显著提高。研究结果为基于作物模型和气象观测及气候预测信息开展产量预报提供了技术方案。Crop simulation models are important tools for identifying climate-crop relationships as well as for yield prediction,while complete daily weather data for whole growing season is required for running crop model,which cannot be satisfied only by weather observations in the real-time operation.Formal studies have generally used averages of daily weather calculated from the historical weather database as replacement,which may destroy its temporal distribution,and thus introduce another source of bias.Aiming at preparing meteorological data after the forecasting day that required by the crop model in the real-time yield forecasting operation,the climate analogues methodology is proposed,which can generate new climate series for the desired period from history observations that with similar climates across space and time,based on a distance metric such as Euclidean,and the new proposed methodology is tested with the CERES-Rice model for its predictability and error distribution,comparing with a general arithmetic mean method.Results show that rice yield is sensitivity to meteorological conditions during two months before maturity,yield forecasting with CERES-Rice model driven by weather data at two-month lead-time leads to a more than 60%prediction probability with an error no more than 5%,and such predictability increases steadily with weather observations updated,showing considerable potential for operational application.Considering there is no priori knowledge on the climate trend for the remainder growing season,using a multi-year mean weather data instead,there is a 60%prediction probability when forecasted at two months before maturity and a 70%prediction probability one month before,however,obvious systematic overestimate is observed,and there exist systematic errors among different decades using 30-year means due to the climate trend under global warning,by using the latest 10-year or 5-year means,the decadal systematic errors decrease while the predictability increase for the poor ability in representing cli

关 键 词：CERES-Rice模型 相似类比 可预报性 误差分布 

分 类 号：S165.27[农业科学—农业气象学]