福瑞鲤与豫选黄河鲤选育群体的遗传结构及亲本间遗传距离分布  

Genetic structure and genetic distance distribution between females and males in conservation populations of two common carp varieties using microsatellite markers

作　　者：鲁翠云[1] 张晓丽[1] 顾颖[1] 李超[1] 董在杰[2] 冯建新 程磊[1] 孙效文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081 [3]河南省水产科学研究院,河南郑州450044

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2016年第5期1091-1098,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2014A05CG01;HSY201502)

摘　　要：用微卫星标记分析了鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio L．）的2个品种福瑞鲤和豫选黄河鲤选育群体的遗传结构，并揭示了雌雄个体间遗传距离的分布规律。结果表明，23个微卫星标记在福瑞鲤（FR，n=192）和豫选黄河鲤（YX，n=96）中各检测到160个和131个等位基因。福瑞鲤的平均有效等位基因数（Ne）、观测杂合度（Ho）、期望杂合度（矾）和多态信息含量（PIC）分别为4．559、0．695、0．741和0．702，群体处于高度多态水平（PIC≥0．5）；豫选黄河鲤的4项遗传多样性参数分别为3．620、0．665、0．642和0．600。虽然豫选黄河鲤同样处于高度多态水平（PIC≥0．5），但是Ne、风和PIC均极显著低于福瑞鲤（P〈0．01），说明福瑞鲤的杂交选育背景决定了其较系统选育的豫选黄河鲤具有较多的来源于不同亲本的等位基因；而两者风差异不显著（P〉0．05），说明豫选黄河鲤种内也保持了较高的遗传杂合度。分别统计福瑞鲤与豫选黄河鲤雌雄个体间的遗传距离，结果表明两两雌雄个体间遗传距离呈正态分布。福瑞鲤个体间遗传距离的中间值位于0．8～1．0，占37．39％；而豫选黄河鲤个体间遗传距离中间值位于0．5-0．7，占49．33％0建议福瑞鲤和豫选黄河鲤在家系配组时，选择亲本间遗传距离阈值范围在0．8-1．0和0．5-0．7为宜。Common carp （Cyprinus carpio L.） is an important economic fish species with very rich genetic resources, and it has been used to develop many carp varieties in China. The FFRC strain （FR） and the Yuxuan Yellow River （YX） strains of common carp have higher growth performance and improved body shape, and have been certified by the National Certification Committee for Aquatic Varieties. Currently, these two carp varieties occupy a pivotal position in fresh water aquaculture because they are farmed in most provinces of China and have brought significant economic profits. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the genetic diversity of the conservation popu- lations of these strains to maintain growth performance and make further genetic improvements. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic structure of the breeding populations, and to evaluate the genetic distance between female and male individuals using microsatellite markers. A total of 160 and 131 alleles were detected with 23 microsatellite markers in FR （n=192） and YX （n=96）, respectively. For FR, the average values of number of effective alleles （Ne）, observed heterozygosity （Ho）, expected heterozygosity （H,）, and polymorphism information content （PIC） were 4.559, 0.695, 0.741, and 0.702, respectively, suggesting that there is a high level ofpolymorphism in this strain. For YX, the mean values of Ne, He, and PIC were 3.620, 0.665, 0.642, and 0.600, respectively, indicating a high level of diversity in this strain. The significantly lower Ne, He, and PIC values in YX than in FR （P〈0.01） suggested that more alleles were derived from different parents in FR with its hybrid breeding background than in YX with its systematic selection background. There was no significant difference in Ho between FR （0.695） and YX （0.665）, which indicated that YX maintains high genetic heterozygosity. The genetic distance（GD） between females and males in each population showed a normal distribution. The GD ranged fr

关 键 词：福瑞鲤 豫选黄河鲤 微卫星 遗传结构 遗传距离 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]