城镇居民生育二孩意愿及影响因素研究——基于全面二孩政策背景  

The Second Child Fertility Will and Influencing Factors of Urban Residents——Based on the comprehensive two children policy

作　　者：王松[1] 刘光远[1] 刘希珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学管理学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《四川理工学院学报（社会科学版）》2016年第4期39-48,共10页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(16BMZ089)

摘　　要：全面二孩政策是我国为解决当前面临的人口、社会问题对计划生育政策做出的最新调整。为了解全面放开生育二孩政策后城镇居民生育二孩意愿及相关影响因素,以行政区划为基础,随机抽取居民区作为调查点,通过以调查问卷的形式对四川省Z县300名城镇居民进行入户调查、访谈。研究结果显示,接受调查的城镇居民生育二孩意愿总体情况是:非常不愿意生育二孩的城镇居民有2.0%,不愿意的有17.7%,对生育二孩表示无所谓态度的有22.3%,愿意的有47.7%,非常愿意生育二孩有10.3%。不同人口学特征的城镇居民生育二孩意愿有所不同,经统计学检验,这种差别在a=0.05水平上并不显著。总体而言,Z县城镇居民生育二孩意愿尚可。对影响城镇居民生育二孩的12个因素进行打分,计算各因素的平均分。根据平均得分情况得出,影响城镇居民生育二孩的主要因素有社会保障、家庭经济负担、生育保险政策、高房价、工作压力等。在研究结果的基础上,提出完善社会保障政策、严格落实生育保险政策、建立生育二孩补偿基金、完善政府、社会、家庭抚育二孩的共同担当和责任等政策建议,为政府制定相关生育政策提供理论依据和实证参考。Comprehensive two children policy, which is made to solve the current population and social problems China faces, is the latest fertility policy. In order to understand the the second child fertility will and related influencing factors of urban residents under the comprehensive two children policy, the team randomly selected residential areas as the survey spots based on administrative divisions, and conducted a research and interview of 300 urban residents through the form of questionnaire survey in Zhongjiang County. The will of giving birth to a second child of inquisitional urban residents is that 2.0% of urban residents are very reluctant to give birth to a second child, 17.7% of them are not willing, and 22.3% are indifferent to the issue, 47.7% of the urban residents are willing to give birth to a second child, and 10.3% of the people are very willing to have a second child. Urban residents that have different demographic characteristics have different will of giving birth to a second child, according to the statistical test, the difference is not significant in the level of alpha,which is 0.05. Overall, urban residents＇ will of giving birth to a second child is not bad. Marking the 12 factors, according to the average score of each factor, conclusions can be made that social security, family economic burden, maternity insurance policy, high price of house and work pressure are main factors of urban residents＇ will of giving birth to a second child. Based on the research results, the paper puts forward suggestions, i.e. perfecting the social security system, strictly implementing the maternity insurance policy,establishing maternity compensation fund and other recommendations for giving birth to a second child,perfecting the common responsibility of the government, society, family on nurturing children. The paper provides a theoretical basis and empirical reference for the government to develop subsequent related fertility policy.

关 键 词：二孩政策 城镇居民 计划生育 影响因素 社会保障 经济压力 少生优育 

分 类 号：C923[社会学—人口学]