入伍前身体锻炼对新兵基础训练阶段焦虑情绪的影响  

Effects of Physical Exercises before Recruitment on the Level of Anxiety Emotion during Recruit Training

作　　者：王基野[1] 尚磊[2] 马涛[3] 攻博 王霞[2] 骆文静[2] 徐玫[3] 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学军事预防医学系劳动与环境卫生学教研室,西安710032 [2]第四军医大学军事预防医学系卫生统计学教研室 [3]第四军医大学军事预防医学系体育教研室

出　　处：《解放军预防医学杂志》2016年第4期561-563,共3页Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81273175/H2611);重大专项新药创制(No.2011ZXJ09201-023)

摘　　要：目的研究入伍前身体锻炼对新兵入伍基础训练阶段焦虑情绪的影响,探讨入伍前身体锻炼对降低新兵入伍基础训练阶段的焦虑情绪是否有积极的意义。方法采用自设的《新兵入伍前身体锻炼情况调查表》和《状态―特质焦虑量表》对入伍第1周的新兵进行调查。采用SPSS软件分析入伍前不同运动水平对新兵新训过程中出现的状态焦虑和特质焦虑情绪的影响。结果锻炼时间每次大于或等于30 min,每周大于或等于3次、持续时间大于或等于3个月的新兵在入伍阶段的状态焦虑和特质焦虑均低于锻炼时间每次少于30 min,每周少于2次、持续时间少于3个月的新兵,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。经常参加中长跑和篮球运动可以显著降低新兵状态焦虑和特质焦虑水平(P<0.01),经常进行乒乓球和步行锻炼可以显著改善新兵特质焦虑水平(P<0.05)。新兵基础训练阶段担心受伤者的状态焦虑和特质焦虑发生率显著高于不担心受伤者(P<0.01);曾经发生运动损伤者的状态焦虑和特质焦虑发生率高于未发生过运动损伤者,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论新兵入伍之前的身体锻炼对降低其基础训练阶段的焦虑情绪有积极的意义。建议倡导适龄青年进行长期、有规律的身体锻炼,将有助于选拔身心健康的青年进入部队并尽快适应部队生活,形成战斗力。Objective To determine the effects of physical exercises before recruitment on the level of anxiety emotions during recruit training and to investigate whether the physical exercises before recruitment would help to reduce the anxiety level of the recruits during their training. MethodsThe self-designed Preinduction Physical Activity Level （PPAI） questionnaire and the State- Trait Anxiety Inventory （STAI） questionnaire were finished one week after the recruits was arrived. ResultsThe anxiety level of the recruits, who taking physical exercises that no less than 30 minutes for at least 3 times a week, and lasted over 3 months, was significantly lower than those taking less physical exercises （P〈0.01）. Middle-distance running and basketball reduced the level of both state anxiety and trait anxiety （P〈0.01）. Table tennis and walking could significantly reduced the level of trait anxiety （P〈0. 05 ）. The level of state anxiety and trait anxiety was significantly higher in the recruits who worried about training injuries than those who didn＇t worry about training injuries （P〈0.01）. There was no statistical significance in the level of state anxiety and trait anxiety of recruits with the history of sports injury or no （P〉0.05）. ConclusionA good habit of taking physical exercises before recruitment would help to reduce the level of state and trait anxiety during recruit training. We suggested that those military service-age individuals should take long term and regular exercises which would help the recruits to adapt to army life as soon as possible and impove the fighting power.

关 键 词：新兵基础训练 焦虑 锻炼 问卷调查 

分 类 号：R821[医药卫生—临床医学]