炭输入及生化调控对设施菜田土壤N2O排放的影响  

Effects of Carbon Addition and Biochemical Control on N_2O Emission from Facility Vegetable Soil

作　　者：王琳[1] 尹兴[1] 王玮[2] 张琳 张丽娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071000 [2]河北农业大学国土资源学院,河北保定071000 [3]唐山市滦县八里王官营村党支部,河北唐山063707

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2016年第5期416-424,共9页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：农业部“948”项目(2012-Z36);河北省科技计划(14227305D);研究生优秀课题创新项目(1099009)

摘　　要：本研究以河北永清蔬菜基地设施菜田土壤为研究对象,控制温度(25±1)℃和土壤含水量(70%WFPS),采用静态培养方法,通过监测培养期间土壤N_2O排放通量、无机氮含量及土壤中酶活性的变化情况,研究炭输入及生化调控对设施菜田N_2O排放及氮素转化的影响。结果表明,土壤添加尿素后,N_2O排放峰值达到644.11μg N·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),添加双氰胺(DCD)和石灰氮(CaCN_2)的土壤N_2O排放峰值分别为101.47μg N·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)和36.74μg N·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),对于N_2O减排效果好,且能有效抑制亚硝态氮的产生;施用控释尿素、添加黑炭或有机肥能减少N_2O排放,而添加石灰氮闷棚显著增加了N_2O排放。控释尿素、秸秆、黑炭、DCD和CaCN_2均对铵态氮向硝态氮的转化有一定抑制作用,施加石灰氮或有机肥有助于减少硝态氮向亚硝态氮的转化。相关分析表明,土壤中硝态氮和亚硝态氮含量增加,有助于反硝化过程的进行,增加了N_2O排放的风险。The experiment was carried out with soil of greenhouse in Yongqing, Hebei Province, under constant temperature （25 ± 1 ） ℃ and soil moisture（70%WFPS）, using the static incubation method to study the effect of different management controls, i.e. Urea; controlled release urea, straw, bioehar, dicyandiamide（DCD ）, CaCN2, straw and CaCN2 while covering the shed, organic fertilizer, on N2O emission and nitrogen transformation. The results showed that the N20 emission peaks reached 644.11 μg N·kg-1·d-1 with the addition of urea in soil, while the ad- dition of DCD or CaCN2 not only reduced the N20 emission to 101.47 μg N·kg-1·d-1or 36.74μg N·kg-1·d-1relatively, but also inhibitedthe production of nitrite nitrogen effectively. Controlled release urea, biochar or organic fertilizer could play a role to reduce N20 emission, while adding CaCN2 and covering the shed significantly increased the N2O emission. Controlled release urea, straw, biochar, DCD and CaCN2 inhib- ited the transformation from ammonium to nitrate nitrogen. CaCN2 and organic fertilizer could reduce the transformation from nitrate to nitrite. Correlation analysis showed that the increase of the content of nitrate or nitrite in soil contributed to the process of denitrification and N2O emissions.

关 键 词：设施菜田 N2O 秸秆 黑炭 DCD 石灰氮 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]