不同有机物料对设施土壤环境和西瓜生长的影响  

Effects of Different Organic Materials on Greenhouse Soil Environment and Watermelon Growth

作　　者：曹云娥[1] 李建设[1] 高艳明[1] 张雪艳[1] 陈青云[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]中国农业大学园艺学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2016年第9期47-51,共5页China Vegetables

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD05B00)

摘　　要：以西瓜品种黄金宝为试材,采用完全随机设计,研究了不同有机物料对设施西瓜产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,施用有机肥可显著影响西瓜生长、品质、养分及产量。其中,蚯蚓粪可增加西瓜的蔓长、茎粗、分枝数、叶绿素含量及光合效率;提高土壤磷、钾素和有机质含量,显著降低土壤碱性,缓解土壤盐害;增加土壤中细菌、放线菌数量,降低真菌数量;提高土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶和中性磷酸酶活性;提高总糖、VC含量,降低有机酸含量,比羊粪对照增产54.24%。综合来看,蚯蚓粪效果最显著,建议在生产中推广使用。Taking ＇Huangjinbao＇ watermelon as experimental material, this experiment studied the effects of different organic materials on watermelon yield, quality and soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization, organic materials can significantly affect watermelon growth, quality, nutrition and yield. Among them, the wormcast can increase the vine length, stem diameter, subindex, chlorophyll content of watermelon, and enhance the photosynthetic efficiency. Besides, wormcast can increase the contents of phosphorus and potassium and organic matter, significantly reduce the soil alkalinity, salinity; and wormcast can also increase the number of bacteria, actinomycetes, reduce the number of fungi; and improve the activities of urease, invertase and phosphatase; increase the contents of total sugar and VC; and reduce the organic acid content. Wormcast can increase watermelon yield by 54.24%, as compared with the contrast goat manure. Therefore, the wormcast comprehensive benefits are the most significant. We suggest that it can be used and extended in Production.

关 键 词：有机物料 蚯蚓粪 设施西瓜 品质 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S627[农业科学—园艺学] S651