两种边坡生态修复模式土壤肥力与酶活性的变化  

Changes of Soil Fertility and Enzyme Activity on Different Standing Conditions Under Two Slope Ecological Restoration Patterns

作　　者：薛海龙[1,2] 许文年[3,2] 刘大翔 

机构地区：[1]三峡大学生物与制药学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡地区地质灾害与生态环境湖北省协同创新中心,湖北宜昌443002 [3]三峡大学土木与建筑学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2016年第4期182-187,192,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：长江科学院开放研究基金资助项目“植被混凝土加筋系统微生物腐蚀行为与机理”(CKWV2015205/KY);三峡大学博士科研启动基金(KJ2014B038);国家自然科学基金项目(51278281);湖北省教育厅优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T201304)

摘　　要：[目的] 研究不同修复技术处理对边坡土壤酶活性的长期影响，以期为土壤地力培育提供理论依据。[方法] 以向家坝水电站工程扰动区代表性的天然次生林以及人工次生林为基础，测定不同坡位以及坡向土壤酶活性，探讨土壤酶活性的变化规律，分析酶活性与其他肥力因子间的相互关系。[结果] 不论阴坡还是阳坡，两种林地坡面地形部位（上坡位、中坡位、下坡位），除土壤pH值降低以外，下坡位肥力因子均显著提高1.1倍以上，酶活性水平与肥力因子变化基本一致。除过氧酶活性增长不显著外，磷酸酶活性增长91.67%~116.67%，脲酶活性增长5.3%~30.01%，蔗糖酶活性增长1.38~1.56倍；阴坡各项指标均高于阳坡，除过氧酶以外，都增长显著。相关性分析表明，两种修复技术下，碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶两两之间的正相关关系均达到极显著水平，但与过氧化氢酶活性之间相关性均不显著。[结论] 研究区肥力因子总体上呈现空间分布不均匀，沿着坡体从上至下依次增加，北坡高南坡低的趋势，说明坡位坡向影响着土壤内环境的变化进程，因此对于此类边坡坡顶和阳面的二次修复，适当追肥可以更好地进行地力培育和生态修复。[Objective] The long-term effects of ecological rehabilitation patterns on soil enzyme activity on different standing conditions was studied to provide theory for soil cultivation and remediation. [Methods] A secondary forest and an artificial forest in disturbed area of Xiangjiaba hydropower station were selected as studying sites to measure soil enzyme activities in different slope position and slope exposure and to analyze the relationships between enzymatic activity and other fertility factors. [Results] Except of soil pH value, nutrition level in the lower slope was relatively high in comparison with that at upper and middle slope positions, it was 1.1 times or higher of the levels of the latter two positions. The changes of enzymatic activity was coincided with the indices of soil fertility along different slope positions. Excepting for the slight change of peroxide enzyme activity, other enzymes were all obvious. Among which, phosphatase activity at lower slop position increased 91.67%~116.67% in contrast with the one at upper position urease activity increased 5.3%~5.3%, and invertase activity increased 1.38~1.56 times. In terms of the enzymatic changes of slope exposure, except of peroxide enzyme, other enzymatic activates in shady slope behaved better than the ones in sunny slope. Correlation analysis showed that the correlations between alkaline phosphatase, urease and invertase were significant with each other. The correlations of catalase were not significant with the above three enzymes. [Conclusion] For soil fertility factors, an overall increasing trend from up slope to down slope, and a comparative high in northern slope exposure were both tested. Implying that standing condition can affect the process of soil internal environment. Therefore, for the remediation of upper slope and sunny slope, appropriate fertilization might make the cultivation of soil fertility and the ecological habitation better.

关 键 词：生态修复 向家坝水电站 酶活性 肥力因子 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]