生物炭与有机无机肥配施对烟草和土壤汞含量及保护酶活性的影响  

Effects of Different Ratios of Biochar and Organic-Inorganic Fertilizers on Hg Content in Tobacco and Soil and Activity of Protective Enzymes

作　　者：韩毅[1] 陈发元[2] 赵铭钦[2] 尤方芳 付培培[2] 许跃奇[2] 李慧[2] 金洪石 金江华[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林烟草工业有限责任公司,吉林延吉133001 [2]河南农业大学烟草学院/国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2016年第8期74-79,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林烟草工业有限责任公司;中国烟草总公司山西省公司重点科技攻关项目(JY201201)

摘　　要：盆栽条件下,研究了生物炭与有机无机肥配施对烟草生育期内干物质积累量、烟草和土壤重金属汞含量、烟株根系土壤p H、烟草保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)生物炭与低量有机肥(70%氮磷钾复合肥+30%芝麻饼肥)配施一定程度地增加了烟草生育期干物质积累量;烟草成熟期根、茎、叶干物质量较未施肥处理增加363.77%、32.10%、136.22%,根干物质量生物炭与低量有机肥配施较未添加生物炭的增加47.01%。(2)高量有机肥(70%)处理烟株和土壤重金属含量较高,低量和中量有机肥(50%)配施较低,成熟期时重金属含量表现为根>茎>下部叶>中部叶>上部叶,生物炭与低量有机无机肥配施与低量有机无机肥施用相比,烟草根、茎、叶以及根际土壤汞含量降低21.81%、10.64%、18.00%、12.50%。(3)生物炭与低量有机肥配施生育期内p H提升幅度不大,成熟期显著提高了烟叶SOD、CAT活性。综上所述,汞胁迫下生物炭和低量有机肥配施既能有效降低汞对烟草的危害,抑制烟草对汞的富集,提高烟叶的保护酶活性,还能够增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤养分的有效性和肥料的利用率,促进烟叶生长。The effects of combined application of biochar and organic-inorganic fertilizers on accumulation of dry matter of tobacco,content of mercury（ Hg） in tobacco and soil,soil p H of root rhizosphere,activity of protective enzymes in tobacco were studied through pot tests.The results were as follows.1 The combined application of biochar and low amount of organic fertilizer（ 70% NPK compound fertilizer ＋ 30% sesame cake fertilizer） could increase the accumulation of dry matter of tobacco in a certain content; the amount of dry matter of roots,stem and leaves increased by 363.77%,32.10% and 136.22% compared with no fertilization; the dry matter of roots increased by 47.01% compared with the application of only low amount of organic-inorganic fertilizer.2 The content of Hg in tobacco and soil was higher under the treatment of high amount of organic fertilizer（ 70%）,while that was lower under medium and lower amount of organic fertilizer;the content of Hg at mature stage showed roots stems lower leaves middle leaves upper leaves; com-pared with the application of only low amount of organic-inorganic fertilizer,the content of Hg in roots,stems,leaves and rhizosphere soils decreased by 21.81%,10.64%,18.00% and 12.50% under the combined application of biochar and low amount of organic fertilizer.3 Under the combined application of biochar and low amount of organic-inorganic fertilizer,the soil p H value in growth period increased little,and the activity of SOD and CAT in tobacco leaves increased significantly at mature stage.In summary,the combined application of biochar and low amount of organic-inorganic fertilizer could effectively reduce the harm of Hg to tobacco,inhibit the accumulation of Hg in tobacco,improve the activity of protective enzymes in tobacco leaves,and also increase the content of soil organic matter,the availability of soil nutrients and the utilization ratio of fertilizers,so it could promot the growth of tobacco leaves.

关 键 词：烟叶 土壤汞胁迫 生物炭 有机肥 干物质积累量 土壤p H 保护酶活性 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]