晋西黄土区水肥调控对苹果玉米间作系统土壤含水量及分布的影响  

Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on soil moisture content and distribution in apple and maize intercropping system in the loess region of western Shanxi Province

作　　者：高飞[1] 王若水[1] 许华森[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2016年第4期94-104,共11页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"晋西黄土区果农间作系统的水肥耦合试验研究"(31300530)

摘　　要：为探求适用于晋西黄土区果农间作系统的水肥管理制度,研究灌水施肥对土壤含水量的影响,避免盲目施肥和灌溉造成环境污染、资源浪费以及水土流失。以晋西黄土区典型的苹果+玉米间作系统为研究对象,设置双因素3水平水肥耦合试验,分析不同水肥调控下,玉米灌浆期和成熟期土壤水分空间分布及土壤水分效应。试验设置灌水量3水平分别为:田间持水量的50%、65%和85%,追肥量3水平分别为:N 289 kg/hm^2+P_2O_5 118 kg/hm^2+K2O 118 kg/hm^2(F1,70%经验施肥量)、N 412.4 kg/hm^2+P_2O_5 168.8 kg/hm^2+K_2O 168.8 kg/hm^2(F2,100%经验施肥量)、N 537 kg/hm^2+P2O219 kg/hm^2+K_2O 219 kg/hm2(F3,130%经验施肥量)。结果显示:灌浆期试验组较对照组土壤含水量最高提高7.6%,成熟期最高可提高10.9%,试验组较对照组土壤含水量水平分布差异变小;灌溉和施肥对土壤水分的垂直分布影响较大,可显著提高作物生育后期30~60 cm土层土壤含水量,可以缓解间作系统种间的水分竞争;试验组W3F1在玉米灌浆期土壤含水量最高,所以,推测其为最利于间作系统增产的水肥调控模式。本研究可为晋西黄土区果农间作系统灌溉和施肥管理,提供理论基础和技术支撑。[Background] The fragile ecosystem in the Losses Plateau is facing the crisis of degradation at present,which seriously impede the development of local economy. Agroforestry system which can restore the ecological balance,reduce the soil and water loss amount thus increase the economic income has become the main agricultural practice recently in losses region of west Shanxi province. However,the unreasonable management for irrigation and fertilization in agroforestry system may also increase the interspecific competition,which may cause the reduction of yields even the occurrence of soil erosion.Therefore,it is essential to find a more effective and economical irrigation and fertilization method in agroforestry of this area to ease the interspecific competition and conserve both the moisture and soil.[Methods]An experiment of water and fertilizer coupling with 2 factors（ irrigation and fertilizer） and 3application rate levels was carried out in a typical apple × maize intercropping system in the loess region of Shanxi Province. The effect of different irrigation and fertilization regimes on soil moisture especially the spatial and temporal distribution at filling and maturing stage of maize were analyzed. There were 9treatments in the study based on the irrigation and fertilization coupling（ W_1F_1,W_2F_1,W_3F_1,W_1F_2,W_2F_2,W_3F_2,W_1F_3,W_2F_3,and W_3F_3）. The regimes were designed based on 3 irrigation levels： a） Low,（ W_1）,50% Fc（ field capacity）; b） Medium,（ W_2）,65% Fc; and c） High,（ W_3）,85% Fc. The fertilizer levels were： F1,（ N（ 289 kg /ha） ＋ P_2O_5（ 118 kg /ha） ＋ K_2O（ 118 kg/ha））; F_2（ N（ 412. 4kg/ha） ＋ P_2O_5（ 168. 8 kg /ha） ＋ K_2O（ 168. 8 kg/ha））; F3（ N（ 537 kg /ha） ＋ P_2O_5（ 219 kg /ha） ＋K_2O（ 219 kg/ha））; and CK（ no irrigation and fertilization throughout the growth season）. All irrigation and fertilizer application amount were set up based on the water and nutrients requirements for maize and apple

关 键 词：水肥耦合 果农间作 灌浆-成熟期 土壤含水量 晋西黄土区 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]