不同豆科植物对黄土高原弃土场的改良效果  

Improved effects of different legume plants on the abandoned soil field in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：袁雪红[1,2] 高照良[1,3] 张翔[4] 杜捷[3] 白皓[3] 徐斌[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2016年第4期121-127,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题"农田水土保持关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD31B01)

摘　　要：为了探究豆科植物种植初期对黄土高原地区弃土场的改良效果,本文采用野外模拟弃土场和实验室测定相结合的方法,在弃土场上种植柠条、白三叶、红豆草、草木樨和紫花苜蓿5种豆科植物,研究1年后弃土场土壤的水分和养分状况。结果表明:各小区种植植物1年后,土壤水分状况有了明显的改善;土壤养分硝态氮质量分数增加,有机质、速效钾的质量分数除了草木樨有所增加以外,其他均减少,速效磷的质量分数均减少,土壤中的速效钾由于植物生长消耗而减少,但其质量分数丰富,足以满足植物生长的需要;土壤中的铵态氮和硝态氮质量分数表现为表聚作用,且硝态氮的质量分数均大于铵态氮;植被对土壤的改良程度依次为白三叶>柠条>红豆草>紫花苜蓿>草木樨。因此,种植豆科植物可以有效的改善土壤的水分和氮素营养,为今后弃土场土壤改良提供一定的理论参考。[Background] The construction activities in recent decades have caused serious soil and water loss,thus ecological restoration and soil and water conservation of spoil ground are the key projects of environmental protection in construction. The objective of this study is to grasp the improvement effects of 5 legumes（ Caragana korshinskii Kom,Trifolium repens L.,Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop,Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.,and Medicago sativa L.） at the early stage on the spoil ground in Loess Plateau region of China. [Methods] Based on field simulation and laboratory analysis,we surveyed soil moisture,nutrient contents and analyzed the correlation among different plant nutrition elements,as well as the improved effects of different plants. [Results] 1） Moisture content of the 0- 160 cm layer increased with increasing soil depth,the average moisture content of C. korshinskii Kom,T. repens L.,O. viciaefolia Scop, M. suaveolens Ledeb., M. sativa L. and control was 17. 69%,15. 98%,17. 56%,18. 35%,17. 95% and 14. 44%,respectively. In the 0- 30 cm soil layer,the average moisture content of these plants increased by 77. 67%,and in the 30- 160 cm soil layer increased by12. 78% compared with the control. 2） The mass fraction of nitrate nitrogen of the 5 plants increased compared with the control in the 0- 20 cm soil layer,both ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in 0-10 cm layer were higher than that of layer 10- 20 cm. And for each plant,the mass fraction of nitrate nitrogen was higher than ammonium nitrogen. In the 0- 20 cm soil layer,the average mass fraction of available phosphorus under the 5 leguminous plants,ranging from 4. 29- 6. 26 mg / kg,was lower than the control group with 9. 01 mg / kg. In the 0- 20 cm soil layer the average mass fraction of available K was in the range of 130. 82- 153. 26 mg / kg,the mass fraction of available potassium reached three levels in the second soil survey. 3） The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive effect of 5 legumes on improvements of so

关 键 词：弃土场 豆科植物 土壤改良 土壤水分 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S156.99[农业科学—土壤学]