长白山哈尔巴岭气象塔湍流局地相似性研究  

Local similarity study on turbulence of the Haerbaling meteorological tower in Changbai mountains

作　　者：张惠彬[1,2] 关彩虹 黄顺祥[1,3] 王丙兰[4] 胡非[3] 

机构地区：[1]防化学院,北京102205 [2]济南军区疾病预防控制中心,济南250014 [3]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029 [4]中国气象局公共气象服务中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象科学》2016年第4期474-482,共9页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41375154);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106033)

摘　　要：利用长白山脉哈尔巴岭气象塔高频率湍流梯度观测数据,分析了2007—2009年间2月和7月2 m、30 m和100 m 3个观测高度湍流统计特征,对复杂下垫面局地相似理论适用性进行了检验,求出了无量纲风速标准差、无量纲温度和湿度标准差与稳定度关系的经验公式,发现了该地域湍流统计特征的新现象。结果表明:(1)冬季和夏季对流条件下2 m、30 m和100 m高度上无量纲风速标准差与稳定度Z/L之间能较好的满足1/3幂律,但夏季能更好地满足1/3幂律,且变化趋势明显,而冬季变化趋势平缓,接近直线。通过和其他学者的研究结果进行比较,发现了一些差异。(2)冬季无量纲温度、湿度标准差观测值随稳定度分布十分离散,但总体变化趋势基本满足-1/3幂律,而夏季观测值分布集中,变化趋势较好地满足-1/3幂律,反映出该地域无量纲温度、湿度标准差与稳定度关系随季节变化十分明显,且夏季对流强于冬季。(3)在30 m和100 m高度上,摩擦速度具有明显的日变化,但2 m高度上摩擦速度的变化比较特异,出现了夜间高于日间的情况,通过研究三维风速的脉动资料,发现夜间的风速脉动资料明显偏大,是导致夜间摩擦速度u*取值较大的直接原因,这种现象的发生可能是由该地域地形效应和下垫面特征引起的。By using the turbulence observation data from Haerhaling meteorological tower in the Changbai mountains, the turbulent characteristics at 2 m, 30 m and 100 m in February and July from 2007 to 2009 were analyzed, the suitability of local similarity theory was validated, moreover, the formula of the dimensionless standard deviation of velocity, temperature and humidity and stability of humidity was calculated, and some new phenomena of the turbulent characteristics were found. Results indicate that ： （ i ） the dimensionless standard deviation of velocity and stability parameter（Z/L） had obvious lo- cal similarity relation under convective conditionswith more obvious trend in summer than that in winter and it followed the 1/3 power relation in summer. （2） The dimensionless standard deviation of temoera ture and humidity also had local similarity relation, but the variation trends were different and dependent on seasons. The distribution of the observation data were more intensive in summer than that in winter. （3） Tile analysis on the mean diurnal variations of u. found that there were normal diurnal variation at 30 m and 100 m height, but specific friction velocity ehanges existed at 2 m height, where higher friction velocity occurred at night. Tile analysis results indicated that the turbulence speeds were remarkably bigger at night during February 6 to 13, 2008, due to higher friction velocity.

关 键 词：局地相似理论 复杂下垫面 湍流特征 气象塔 

分 类 号：P404[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]