向日葵锈病防治药剂的室内筛选  

Fungicides screening for management of sunflower rust caused by Puccinia henlianthi

作　　者：郭丹丹[1] 赵诗慧 张慧泽[1] 赵君[1] 景岚[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2016年第3期388-394,共7页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(3136042);国家向日葵现代产业技术体系(CARS-16);内蒙古农业大学博士启动基金(BJ04-14)

摘　　要：为了筛选防治向日葵锈病的有效杀菌剂,选用15种药剂处理夏孢子进行室内毒力测定试验。结果表明,向日葵锈菌夏孢子对20%二氯异氰尿酸钠可湿性粉剂(WP)最为敏感,有效成分EC50值为4.959 1μg/m L;其次为10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂(WG)、40%氟硅唑乳油(EC)。为了明确其最佳施药时期,在温室条件下通过先接菌后施药和先施药后接菌的方法,测试了15种药剂对向日葵锈病的防治效果。结果表明,在15种药剂中,80%戊唑醇(WG)、25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂(SC)和20%二氯异氰尿酸钠(WP)3种不论是接种前喷药还是接菌后施药,对向日葵锈病的防治效果均达到100%,可以作为田间向日葵锈病防治的首选药剂。75%百菌清(WP)及77%硫酸钙铜(WP)作为治疗剂防效较差,但仍可用于病害预防。To screen effective fungicides for sunflower rust caused by Puccinia helianthi,15 fungicides were tested by measuring toxicity on urediniospores. Results showed that urediniospores of the pathogen were most sensitive to 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate wettable powder（ WP） with EC50 of 4. 959 1μg / m L,followed by 10%difenoconazole water dispersible granules（ WG） and 40% flusilazole emulsifiable concentrate（ EC）. To optimize effective spray time,fungicides effects were tested by spraying the fungicides after or before inoculating urediniospores on young leaves under green house conditions. Timing tests results showed that control effects of spraying before or after the inoculation were both sufficient. The most effective fungicides were 80% tebuconazole（ WG）,25% triadimefon suspension concentrate（ SC） and 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate（ WP） with 100% control efficiency which could be chosen to control sunflower rust in the field. 75% Chlorothalonil（ WP） and 77% copper calcium wettable powder（ WP） were not as effective in controlling the rust but could be applied as preventive chemicals.

关 键 词：向日葵锈菌 杀菌剂 毒力测定 施药适期 

分 类 号：S435.655[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]