宁夏中宁县麦蚜种群空间分布与蚜茧蜂的跟踪作用  

Spatial distribution pattern of cereal aphids and the dynamic tracing of aphid parasite in Zhongning County,Ningxia,China

作　　者：胡懿君 赵映书 陈龙[1] 洪波[1] 关晓庆[1] 贺达汉[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏中宁县林业技术推广服务中心,中宁751500 [3]宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建国家重点实验室,银川750021

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2016年第3期30-37,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260429)

摘　　要：采用棋盘式五点取样法调查,应用聚集度指标和灰色关联度法,对不同景观结构下麦蚜及僵蚜田间分布型变化和时间动态进行分析与模拟。发现当地蚜茧蜂10种,蚜小蜂1种。麦长管蚜、麦二叉蚜及僵蚜在时空上呈负二项分布,聚集强度随虫口密度增加而增强。麦长管蚜聚集程度受田块景观复杂程度的影响显著,麦二叉蚜则不显著。2种蚜虫空间格局表现为扩散-聚集周期性变化,但周期性变化不尽相同。僵蚜分布与蚜虫分布有明显的相关关系,但对麦长管蚜跟踪明显高于对麦二叉蚜的跟踪。用Blackith种群聚集指数分析,结果表明蚜虫的聚集原因主要是由环境因素所引起。当麦长管蚜、麦二叉蚜平均密度分别大于5.57、8.26/株时,聚集程度取决于本身生物学特性与环境因素共同作用。对麦蚜种群数量具有显著性跟踪关系的蚜茧蜂主要有燕麦蚜茧蜂、烟蚜茧蜂及四川蚜茧蜂。We studied the spatial distribution pattern of cereal aphids along with the dynamic track- ing of aphid parasite, in Zhongning County, which would provide scientific basis for comprehending the occurrence regularity and prevention of the aphids in arid area of northwest district. Employing the checkerboard--type investigation in 5 places, we analyzed and simulated the distribution and temporal dynamics of aphids and its parasite with aggregation indices and gray relational degree in different land- scape structures. There were 10 kinds of Aphidiidae and 1 kind of Aphelinidae in the local field. The population of cereal aphids （Sitobion avenae,Schizaphis graminum） and the parasites mainly showed aggregation distribution, fitting the negative binomial distribution. The aggregation distribution indices increased along with the increasing of the density itself. The aggregate of S. avenae other than S. graminum was affected remarkably by the complexity of field. The spatial patterns of the aphids changed periodically from diffusion to assembly. The distribution of the parasite was related to the a- phids densities, and the tracking effect to S. avenae was stronger than to S. grarninum. When tested by Blackith^s method, the aggregation was induced by environmental factors, such as climate, growth pe- riod and so on, and if the density of S. avenae and S. graminum was more than 5.57 and 8.26, per plant respectively, the aggregation depended on the interaction between the creature themselves and the envi- ronment. Aphidius avenae, A. gifuensis and A. sichuanensis had significant trace relationships with the aphid populations.

关 键 词：麦蚜 蚜茧蜂 空间分布 时空动态 跟踪作用 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] S186