现代汉语动词重叠式何以会表量减  

Why the Verb Reduplication Represents Abatement of Quantity in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：王姝[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省长春市吉林大学文学院中文系,130012

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2016年第5期64-75,共12页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：吉林大学基本科研业务费"紧缩与叠加:汉语构式生成机制研究"(项目编号:2015ZZ006);吉林大学教改项目(项目编号:2015XYB013);吉林省社会科学博士扶持项目(项目编号:2013BS6)资助

摘　　要：为了搞清现代汉语动词重叠式为何违背象似性原则,本文梳理了动词重叠式的发展脉络,主要观点如下:1)现代汉语动词重叠式的源头"DO一V"结构是动宾结构,V为动词而非借用动量词;2)宋至明"V一V"逐渐取代"DO一V","V一V"仍为动宾结构,后一个V为动词而非同源动量词,其句法功能为同源宾语;3)"V一V"结构由有界动词奠基,范畴扩展使无界动词也进入该结构,这种变化直接导致"V一V"结构从精确计量表达式变为量减表达式(V一v);4)现代汉语动词重叠式Vv不是原发的重叠式,而是紧缩的结果;5)Vv的量减意义在"V一v"中奠定,而"V一v"能够表量减源于其中的"一"为表有序列中的最小者。In order to understand why the verb reduplication in Mandarin Chinese goes against the principle of iconicity, the development of verb reduplication has been studied. The main results are shown as follows. Firstly, as the origin of verb reduplication in Manda- rin Chinese, the ＂DO - V＂ structure, in which ＂Do＂ represents the dummy verb （作,写,打,下） used in the Tang-Wudai dynasties and the ＂V＂ was a verb instead of a borrowed verbal measure word, was ＂predicate ＋ object＂ structure. Secondly, in ＂V - V＂ structure, the second ＂V＂ was not a verbal measure word but a verb which functioned syntactically as a cognate object. The ＂V - V＂ structure remained a ＂predicate ＋ object＂ structure and re- placed ＂DO - V＂ gradually from Song to Ming dynasty. Thirdly, ＂V - V＂ structure was originally based on telic verb, and with category expansion letting atelic verbs into this structure, it changed from an accurate expression to an abatement expression （V - v）. Fourthly, the source of the verb reduplication Vv in Mandarin Chinese was a ＂predicate ＋ object＂ structure. This reduplication was not of a connate form, but was the result of contraction. It is why Vv seems to be distinctive comparing with other reduplication forms. Last, the abatement of quantity of Vv was established in the ＂V - v＂ structure and the abating effect originated from the minimum numeral ＂-＂.

关 键 词：动词重叠式 同源宾语 借用动量词 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]