淋溶条件下生物质炭对红壤中钾和磷含量及其淋出率的影响  

Effects of biochar on the contents of potassium and phosphorus,and their leaching rates in red soil under simulated leaching condition

作　　者：朱盼[1] 应介官 彭抒昂[2] 姜存仓[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学园艺与林学学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2016年第4期478-484,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303095);国家现代柑橘产业技术体系岗位资助项目

摘　　要：采用室内模拟降水的方法,在未施肥红壤和施肥红壤中添加不同用量的生物质炭(0%、1%、2%和3%),分析在淋溶条件下生物质炭对土壤速效钾、速效磷含量及其淋出量的影响.结果表明:随着生物质炭用量的增加,红壤中速效钾和速效磷含量均显著提高,但淋洗液中总钾量和总磷量并没有显著增加;在未施肥土壤中,0%、1%、2%和3%生物质炭处理的钾淋出率分别为53.6%、14.3%、9.1%和7.5%,磷淋出率分别为88.8%、23.5%、16.3%和7.8%;在施肥土壤中,磷的淋出率随生物质炭用量的增加而减少,由24.1%降至7.2%;而钾淋出率受生物质炭用量的影响相对较小.在淋溶条件下,添加3%生物质炭可使未施肥土壤速效钾降幅由9.8%减少至0.3%,使施肥土壤速效钾降幅由10.8%减少至0.5%,但经生物质炭处理的未施肥和施肥土壤的速效磷含量在淋溶后下降更为明显.上述结果表明,生物质炭不仅能使土壤中速效钾和速效磷含量提高,且生物质炭有较强的养分保持能力,能够减少土壤中钾和磷的淋出率.Summary Phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） are the major essential macronutrients required for the biological growth and development of crop. As the mineral resource reserve declined for both P and K, the increasing demand for phosphorus-potassium fertilizer from global food production caused imbalance between supply and demand. As a result, the cost of agricultural production increased, and economic benefits reduced, along with increasing environmental risks. In China, synchronization between rainfall and temperature is common in red soil area, with strong soil leaching, and phosphorus and potassium nutrients are easy to lose, thus excessive application of fertilizer is necessary. Therefore, investigation on improvement of use efficiency and reduction of leaching rate for K and P will have great economic significance on agricultural production, help maintaining good ecological function. In this study, to investigate the effects of different biochar additions on available potassium and phosphorus and their leaching rates in red soil, a simulated rainfall experiment was conducted in laboratory. Biochar was prepared from peanut shell. Different bioehar dosages （0%, 1%, 2% and 3%） were added to fertilization and non-fertilization soits, and the contents and leaching variation of available K and P were further analyzed to measure the influence of bioehar on soil K and P availabilities and their leaching loss. The results showed that the available K and P in red soil were substantially improved with increasing addition of biochar, but the total amount of K and P increased little in the leachate. Among the non-fertilization treatments, the leaching rates of K were 53.6%, 14.3%, 9.1% and 7.5%, and the leaching rates of P were 88.8%, 23. 5%, 16.3% and 7.8%, for different biochar additions （0%, 1%, 2% and 3%）, respectively. Among the fertilization soil treatments, the leaching rate of P decreased from 24.1% to 7.2% with the biochar addition; while the leaching rate of K was less affected by the biochar add

关 键 词：生物质炭 红壤 淋溶 钾 磷 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学] S156