藏北草地退化与生态服务功能价值损失评估——以申扎县为例  

Dynamic monitoring of grassland degradation on the Northern Tibetan Plateau and loss assessment of its ecological service value,by using Shenza County as a case study

作　　者：徐瑶[1] 陈涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学国土资源学院,南充637000 [2]四川科技职工大学,成都601101

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第16期5078-5087,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40972225)

摘　　要：藏北草地是我国重要的畜牧业生产基地和生态安全屏障。基于遥感和GIS技术,利用1990、2000、2010年3期不同时相的TM、ETM+和CEBERS遥感影像,对申扎县草地资源退化状况进行了遥感监测,并采用生态经济学评估模型对草地生态系统8个方面的服务功能价值损失进行了评估测算。结果表明:1990—2010年,申扎县草地退化面积增加了47.40×10~4hm^2,生态系统服务功能价值损失高达5.20×10~8元;其中1990—2000年,草地退化较严重,该时段也是生态系统服务功能价值损失较多的时期;2000—2010年,草地退化趋势变缓。藏北草地提供生物量价值仅约占生态系统服务功能总价值的7.0%,草地生态服务功能远大于其提供的生物量价值,因此必须从生态服务功能的的理念出发去经营草地,从而实现草地的可持续发展。The grassland on the Northern Tibetan Plateau is an important livestock production base and ecological safety barrier in China.This paper uses the grassland ecosystem in Shenza County in a case study to establish an evaluation index system in order to monitor grassland degradation using remote sensing images（TM,ETM ＋,and CBERS in 1990,2000,2010） based on the landscape ecology,natural geography,and social economy of this region.The degradation of Shenza County grassland has been investigated over the past two decades through the interpretation of grass coverage information.The value loss of eight grassland ecosystem services was evaluated using models of ecological economics.The results show that the vegetation coverage of Shenza County changed significantly from 1990 to 2010.Grassland degradation has increasingly expanded,with moderate to severe degradation accounting for the largest proportion of the degradation.In1990,the total area of degraded grassland was 62.07×10~4 hm^2,with light degradation accounting for 18.71%,and moderate and severe degradation accounting for 10.97%and 7.45%,respectively.In 2000,the total area of grassland degradation covered 126.86 × 10~4 hm^2,of which light degradation accounted for 34.46%,and moderate and severe degradation accounted for 33.02%and 12.20%,respectively.In 2010,the total area of grassland degradation was 109.47×10~4 hm^2,with light degradation accounting for 40.02%,and moderate and severe degradation accounting for 22.19%and 8.08%,respectively.Grassland degradation was intensified in the period from 1990 to 2000,with the total degradation increasing by 64.79×10~4 hm^2,of which light degradation accounted for 23.58×10~4 hm^2,and moderately and severely degraded grassland accounted for 34.23×10~4 hm^2 and 6.98×10~4 hm^2,respectively,compared to the areas recorded in1990.From 2000 to 2010,grassland degradation decreased by 17.39×10~4 hm^2.Within this,lightly degraded grassland increased by 7.46×10~4 hm^2,while moderately degraded and heavily degraded areas

关 键 词：藏北草地 生态系统 遥感影像 服务功能 损失评估 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]