基于吸收衰减补偿的多分量高斯束逆时偏移  

Multiple-component Gaussian beam reverse-time migration based on attenuation compensation

作　　者：白敏[1,2,3] 陈小宏[1,2] 吴娟[1,2,3] 陈阳康 刘国昌[1] 王恩江[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学(北京)海洋石油勘探国家工程实验室,北京102249 [3]华北水利水电大学资源与环境学院,郑州450045 [4]Bureau of Economic Geology,John A.and Katherine G.Jackson School of Geosciences,The University of Texasat Austin,University Station

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2016年第9期3379-3393,共15页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：海洋石油勘探国家工程实验室"斜缆采集地震数据分析与处理技术研究"课题;国家自然科学基金项目(U1262207;41404099);河南省重点科技攻关项目(152102210111)联合资助

摘　　要：高斯束逆时偏移结合了射线类偏移的高计算效率和波动方程逆时偏移的高精度,能很好地处理焦散点、大倾角成像问题,并且具有面向目标成像的能力.多分量地震资料的偏移技术可以对地下复杂构造进行更准确的成像,由于实际地下介质具有黏滞性,研究黏弹性叠前逆时偏移具有一定的现实意义.本文采用高斯束逆时偏移方法对多分量地震数据进行吸收衰减补偿,首先分别给出纵波和转换波共炮域高斯束叠前逆时偏移方法原理,在此基础上推导补偿吸收衰减的表达式,校正Q引起的振幅衰减和相位畸变,实现基于吸收衰减补偿的多分量高斯束叠前逆时偏移.数值模型的测试结果显示,在考虑地下介质的黏滞性时,本文方法具有更高的成像分辨率.Anelastic properties of subsurface media can cause amplitude loss and phase distortion of seismic waves,especially in high-attenuation areas such as the gas chimneys as observed in several oil and gas fields.In migration of such data sets,we usually obtain poor seismic images of the structure within and below high-attenuation gas-filled reservoirs.To improve the resolution of the migration image,we must deal with these attenuation effects.Multiple-component seismic data contains both PP and PS waves.The PS-wave image complements the traditional PP-wave image,resulting in a more accurate subsurface characterization.Reverse-time migration of multiple-component seismic data can improve the accuracy of imaging subsurface complex geological structures.While viscoelastic prestack reverse-time migration is of practical significance because it considers the viscosity of subsurface media.As a new migration tool,Gaussian beam reverse-time migration（GBRTM）combines the high efficiency and flexibility of Gaussian beam migration with the high accuracy of wave equation reverse-time migration,which can overcome the problems of caustics,handle all arrivals,yield good images of steep flanks,and is easy to extend to target-oriented implementation.However,GBRTM studies have focused on acoustic waves,and multiple-component GBRTM has been little investigated.Besides,it is not clear how the method should be applied for multiple-component seismic data recorded in attenuating media.Therefore,we propose a multiple-component GBRTM to perform seismic data compensation for frequency-dependent absorption and dispersion.We separate multiple-component seismic data into PP-and PS-waves,and migrate by scalar migration methods.The purpose is to provide a new effective method for multiple-component seismic data migration imaging and to compensate the attenuation simultaneously.First,we derive a common-shot gathers GBRTM algorithm of PP and PS waves.Then,the expressions of attenuation equation and the precision analysis of Green function based o

关 键 词：衰减补偿 多分量 高斯束 逆时偏移 格林函数 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]