抗组胺药在特殊人群中的应用  

Application of antihistamines in special populations

作　　者：温未 姚煦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院皮肤病研究所过敏与风湿免疫科,南京210042

出　　处：《中华皮肤科杂志》2016年第9期669-671,共3页Chinese Journal of Dermatology

基　　金：基金项目：国家自然科学基金（81171501、81371735、81573045）;2014亚美医学基金会（MMAAP）皮肤病项目基金资助;江苏省自然科学基金（BK20150166）

摘　　要：抗组胺药物是皮肤科治疗过敏性疾病最常见的药物之一，在大部分人群中有着较好的疗效及耐受性。由于其适用范围广泛，安全性显得尤为重要。对于儿童、孕妇、哺乳期妇女、老年人以及肝、肾功能不全的过敏性疾病患者，应用抗组胺药时应充分考虑每一种药物的药效学、代谢特点以及药物之间的相互作用，权衡用药收益和可能带来的不良反应，选择相应的安全性高的抗组胺药物，或者通过减少常规用药剂量、延长用药间隔时间等方法使安全性达到最大。Antihistamines, a group of drugs most commonly used for the treatment of allergic diseases in dermatology, exert favorable efficacy and are well tolerated in most people. Due to their wide application, the safety of medication is particularly important. When they are used in some special populations with allergic diseases, such as children, pregnant and lactating women, the elderly and people with hepatic or renal insufficiency, their pharmacodynamics, metabolic characteristics and interactions with other drugs should be fully considered, and profits of medication and potential adverse effects should be well weighed before choosing relatively safe antihistamines. In addition, decreasing the routine dose or prolonging intervals between the administration of antihistamines may also be attempted to achieve maximum safety.

关 键 词：组胺H1拮抗剂 孕妇 儿童 老年人 肝功能不全 肾功能不全 

分 类 号：R976[医药卫生—药品]