雨养条件下控失肥对夏玉米产量的影响  

Effect of Loss-control Fertilizer on Yield of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Under Rain-fed Condition

作　　者：白珊珊[1,2] 万书勤[1] 康跃虎[1] 刘士平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2016年第9期46-49,56,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD05B02;2013BAD05B08;2012BAD08B02)

摘　　要：环渤海低平原区水资源匮乏,土壤瘠薄盐碱,制约着粮食的高产,亟需构建“中低产区增产、节水”的技术措施。在夏玉米生长季,选择不同类型控失肥并设置不同控失肥施肥比例,研究在雨养条件下控失肥对夏玉米产量及产量构成的影响,以期为环渤海低平原区粮食的节水、增产提供新思路。研究结果表明：1在保证N和P2O5施肥量同当地施肥量基本一致、相同雨养条件下,施用控失肥夏玉米产量提高了11%~17%;且不同类型控失肥对夏玉米产量没有显著影响;控失肥一次性作底肥为施入,夏玉米增产10%~11%,但可以减少了追肥的劳动力。2环渤海低平原区夏玉米为补充灌溉,在干旱和正常年份,夏玉米即使不进行灌溉,仅施用控失肥替代常规肥料,也能获得高产。3控失肥可以显著提高肥料农学效率。与当地常规施肥处理相比,夏玉米控失肥处理N和P的肥料农学效率分别提高了308%和432%。The water shortage and soil barren salinity restricted grain yield in the area of low plain around Bohai Sea ,and it is need to build the yield increasing and water-saving measures .During the growing seasons of summer maize ,different fertilize types and pro‐portions of loss-control fertilizer were devised ,effects of loss-controlled fertilizer on yield of maize were analyzed under rain-fed con‐dition .Results indicated that ,compared with convention fertilizer ,the yield of summer maize with applying loss-controlled fertilizer were increased by 11% ~17% under rain-fed condition .And there was no significant effect of different types of loss-control fertiliz‐ers on summer maize yields .The yield of summer maize were increased by 10% ~11% when taking the loss-control fertilizer as base , which can decrease labor force of topdressing .The yield of summer maize only by applying the loss-control fertilizer were also stable in drought and normal years .The loss-control fertilizer can significantly improve agronomic efficiency of fertilize .Compared with convention fertilizer ,the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer efficiency of agriculture of summer maize with applying loss-control fertil‐izer were improved by 308% and 432% respectively .

关 键 词：控失肥 夏玉米 产量及产量构成 肥料农学效率 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV93[农业科学—农业工程]