六盘山四种典型森林生态水文功能的综合评价  

Comprehensive assessment on hydrological functions of the four typical forests in Liupan Mountains

作　　者：孙浩[1,2] 刘晓勇 熊伟[2] 王彦辉[2] 刘彬[3] 于澎涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]江西省林业调查规划研究院,南昌330046 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091 [3]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2016年第7期85-89,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD07B03);国家自然科学基金(41230852;41390461)资助

摘　　要：为合理评价水源涵养林垂直结构改变对其水文功能的影响,在对宁夏六盘山香水河小流域内4种典型结构林分(华北落叶松+灌木复层林、华北落叶松纯林、稀植乔木的天然灌丛林、天然灌丛林)林冠层、枯落物层、土壤层的结构指标和功能指标测定的基础上,采用层次分析法建立了林分生态水文功能的层次结构模型,并用综合评分法对4种典型林分进行了评价。结果表明:林冠层生态水文功能以华北落叶松人工纯林最优,枯落物层以华北落叶松+灌木复层林最优,土壤层以稀植乔木的天然灌丛林最优。不同林分生态水文功能整体表现为华北落叶松+灌木复层林(0.902)>稀植乔木的天然灌丛林(0.893)>华北落叶松人工纯林(0.782)>天然灌丛(0.708),说明复层林的综合生态水文功能要好于单层林,表明在六盘山营林区对华北落叶松人工纯林进行林下补植灌木和对退化的天然灌丛稀植乔木等措施有助于林分生态水文功能的发挥。To understand the effect of changes in forest vertical structures on hydrological functions, the method of analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was applied to establish the eco -hydrological hierarchy function model of the four forest stands with different structures （ i. e. , mixed forest of Larix principis - rupprechtii and shrub, pure Larix principis -rupprechtii forest, mixed shrubs with sparse arbor trees, natural shrubs） , and integrative grades were carried out to evaluate the difference of eco - hydrological function of the four forest types. The results showed that for the canopy layer, pure Larix forest had the best eco - hydrological function ; for the litter layer, mixed Larix forest performed the best eco - hydrological function ; for the soil layer, the best eco - hydrological function occured in mixed shrubs. The integrative evaluation was mixed Larix forest （0. 902） 〉 pure Larix forest （0. 893 ） 〉 mixed shrubs （0.782） 〉 natural shrubs （0.708）. Overall, the practices of sparse planting trees in the natural shrub and planting shrub under pure Larix plantation could improve the soil eco - hydrological function of natural shrubs and pure Larix forests obviously.

关 键 词：生态水文功能 林分垂直结构 层次分析法 林分改造 六盘山 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学] S715