干旱区微生物肥料替代部分化肥对玉米生长及土壤微生物的影响  

Effect of chemical fertilizer partly replaced by microbial fertilizer on maize growth and soil microorganism in arid area

作　　者：陈龙[1] 孙广正[1] 姚拓[1] 柴强[2] 康文娟[1] 蒋永梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2016年第7期108-113,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BADl4810)资助

摘　　要：通过在甘肃河西绿洲灌区大田试验,利用微生物肥料替代部分化肥,研究其对玉米生长及土壤微生物的影响。结果表明：和对照相比（不施肥）,85%化肥＋菌肥显著提高玉米在收获期的农艺性状和产量构成,使株高、地上生物量、百粒重、穗重分别达到358.32cm、1019.63g、39.68g、369.50g;使玉米的经济产量提高21.6%;使土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量分别提高了40%、18.5%;同时该处理显著提高了土壤中细菌和放线菌数量,分别达到2.6×10^6cfu/g和1.4×10^6cfu/g。微生物肥料替代15%化肥对玉米的生长及土壤影响与当地最佳施肥水平无显著差异,即利用微生物肥料替代15%部分化肥是可行的,同时可以改善土壤微生物环境。By conducting a field experiment in the Gansu Hexi oasis irrigation district, this study aimed at stud- ying the effect of chemical fertilizer partly replaced by microbial agents on maize growth and soil microorganism. Result shows ： compared with control （ no fertilization）, in the treatment of 85 % of chemical fertilizer ＋ microbial agents, the agronomic traits and yield component of maize in the harvest stage were significantly increased, with height, aboveground biomass, hundredgrain weight and panicle weight reaching 358.32cm, 1019.63g, 39.68g and 369.50g respectively. The economic yield of maize and soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased by 21.6%, 40% and 18.5% respectively. Meanwhile, the quantity of bacteria and actinomyces in soil were significantly facilitated, reaching 2.6 ×10^6cfu/g and 1.4×10^6cfu/g respectively in this treatment. There was no significant difference between the effect of microbial agents replacing 15% of chemical fertilizer and that of local best fertilization level on maize growth and soil. It was feasible to replace 15% of chemical fertilizer with microbial agents, which could improve soil microbial condition.

关 键 词：微生物肥料 化肥 玉米 微生物数量 微生物生物量 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]