生态学视角下的城市关系及其稳态分析  

Urban Relation and Its Steady State Analysis from the Perspective of Ecology

作　　者：张怀志[1] 武友德[2] 

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院,北京100081 [2]云南师范大学华文学院,云南昆明650092

出　　处：《资源开发与市场》2016年第10期1161-1165,共5页Resource Development & Market

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"环洱海地区乡村聚落空间演变机理与优化研究"(编号:41261044)

摘　　要：城市是智慧的生命体,城市间的关系可视为生态关系。从生态学理论出发,以logistic模型为基础,构建城市间的竞争、共生和附生三类生态学模型,对均衡条件及其稳定性进行分析。当城市间为竞争关系时,单方面的制约不能达到均衡,双方必须具有一定的异质性,且完全同质也不能达到竞争均衡。共生均衡有两种,一种发生在规模相差较大的城市间,另一种发生在同级城市间,竞争在两种均衡中都起到重要作用。当附生均衡时,能量从宿主城市向附生城市单向流动,长期来看附生关系不稳定。为实现均衡,城市需进行功能定位和分工,中心城市要着力打造核心职能和强化扩散效应,次级城市要提高专业化程度;生态位重合多的城市组合向竞争均衡发展,互补性较强的向共生均衡和附生均衡发展。City was a kind of intelligent life, and the relationship between cities was a kind of ecological relationship. Based on the logistic mod- el, this paper constructed the competition model, symbiotic model and the epiphytic model from an ecological perspective. And this paper also analyzed the equilibrium conditions of the three models and the stability. If only one party had constraints capacity, the equilibrium could not be achieved when the cities were competing. Completely homogeneous cities could not reach a competitive equilibrium. Symbiotic equilibrium could be divided into two types. One occured between cities with large scale differences, while the other occured between cities at the same level. The competition played an im- portant role in the two kinds of symbiotic equilibrium. Energy unilaterally flowed from the host city from city in epiphytic equilibrium, which was not stable in the long term. In order to achieve equilibrium, those cities needed to carry out functional orientation and division. Central cities should strengthen the functions of the center and the diffusion effect, while secondary cities improved the degree of specialization. The niche overlap city group strived to achieve competitive equilibrium, and city group with high complementarity tried to achieve symbiotic equilibrium or epiphytlc equilibrium.

关 键 词：城市关系 LOGISTIC模型 平衡 

分 类 号：F290[经济管理—国民经济]