高原鼠兔对植被与环境因子变化的响应  

The Response of Ochotona curzoniae to Changes of Vegetation and Environment

作　　者：张海娟[1] 李希来[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2016年第14期3638-3640,3647,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41161084);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT13074)

摘　　要：采用样线法对三江源地区不同栖息地高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）对植被盖度、土壤含水量和土壤紧实度及海拔高度、坡度等环境因子变化的响应进行了研究。经相关分析和主成分分析得到以下结论：1在一定的坡度范围,高原鼠兔种群数量与坡度呈负相关（r=-0.57,P〈0.05）;2植被总盖度不直接影响高原鼠兔的分布,而受嵩草和杂草盖度的影响;3原生草甸0～10、10～20、20～30 cm的土壤含水量对高原鼠兔种群数量均有影响,其中以10～20 cm土壤含水量影响最为显著（r=0.61,P〈0.05）,而剥蚀凸斑地土壤含水量对鼠兔分布无显著影响;4原生草甸10～15 cm土壤紧实度对高原鼠兔种群数量的影响不显著（r=0.50,P〉0.05）,剥蚀凸斑地20～25 cm的土壤紧实度亦对其有显著的影响,以25 cm（r=0.71,P〈0.05）影响最为显著;5主成分分析结果表明,嵩草盖度、坡度、剥蚀凸斑地土壤紧实度和杂草盖度是影响高原鼠兔分布的重要生态因子。In Sanjiangyuan region,using the line transect method to study the response of Ochotona curzoniae to changes of factors of vegetation and environment,like vegetation coverage, soil moisture and soil compactness,and altitude,slope and so on. Through correlation analysis and principal component analysis,the following conclusions were gotten. 1 The population of O. curzoniae and slope had a significantly negative correlation（r=-0.57,P〈0.05）;2The total coverage of vegetation did not directly affect the distribution of O. curzoniae,but affected by coverage of Kobresia and weeds; 3The soil moisture content of 0～10,10～20,20～30 cm of native meadows had significant impacts on the number of O. curzoniae population,and the impact of 10～20 cm was in the most significant（r=0.61,P〈0.05）,and the soil water content of denudation convex spot had no significant effect on the distribution of O. curzoniae; 4The population of O. curzoniae was affected by soil compactness of native meadows at 15 cm（r=0.50,P〈0.05）,and it was significantly affected by soil compactness of 20 ～25 cm denudation convex spot,but soil compactness of 25 cm（r=0.71,P〈0.05） was the most significant;5The principal component analysis showed that the coverage of Kobresia, the slope,the soil compactness of convex spot and the coverage of weeds were important factors affecting the distribution of O. curzoniae.

关 键 词：高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae) 植被 环境因子 相关分析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]