基于4年定位试验的膜下滴灌棉花最高产量施肥量  

Comparison of the Optimum Fertilizer Rate between A Four-year and One-year Experiment for Cotton under Mulch-drip Irrigation

作　　者：索俊宇 杨涛[2] 龚双凤[1,2] 牛新湘[2] 陈宝燕 马兴旺[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]乌鲁木齐市米东区农产品质量安全检测中心,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第8期1423-1428,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆科技支撑项目(201231102);国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD09B04;2014BAD111302);国家自然科学基金项目(41361067)~~

摘　　要：【目的】比较4年田间定位氮肥效应试验与1年试验的结果,确定最高产量施肥量的较优方法。【方法】试验设6个施氮量处理,采用纯氮单因子随机区组设计,进行田间小区试验。【结果】1年试验和4年定位试验,肥料效应函数计算棉花最高产量分别为2 816.5和2 670.2 kg/hm2,需要的最高产量施肥量分别为381.8和367.4 kg/hm2,处于100%推荐施肥量和125%推荐施肥量之间。施肥量没有达到推荐施肥量,或在最高产量施肥量上下的区间内时,连续施用等量肥料会维持产量在一个合理水平;但施肥量超过最高产量施肥量区间时,连续施用等量肥料会使产量逐渐降低。【结论】通过四年定位试验获得的棉花最高产量施肥量较一年田间试验结果更科学,更具统计学意义。在南疆库尔勒地区的最高产量施肥量是367.4 kg/hm2,在此施氮量上下浮动20 kg都能维持比较高的棉花产量。[ Objective ] Through the comparison of effect of nitrogen fertilizer between a four - year and one - year experiment to explore the best ways to determine the optimal method of optimal fertilizer. [ Method ] 6 levels Nitrogen application were set up by applying the pure nitrogen factor of randomized block designs, and then field biotope experiment was carried out. [ Result] The fertilizer effect function of one year experiment and 4 years location experiment was calculated, which were 2,816.5 kg/hm^2 and 2,670.2 kg/hm^2, respectively, Maximum yield fertilization required： 381. 8 kg/hm^2 and 367.4 kg/hm^2, which was between 100% and 125% of the recommended fertilizer. It did not reach the recommended amount of fertilizer application, or in the range of optimum fertilization. Under interval for applying the same amount of fertilizer would maintain a reasonable level; but when the fertilizer rate exceed the optimum range, continuous application of equivalent fertilizer would reduce the yield. [ Conclusion]Through four years location experiment, the optimum fertilizer rate of cotton was obtained than that in one year experiment, which is more scientific and has more statistical significance. The recommended economical nitrogen application rate is 367.4 kg/hm^2 for cotton in the experimental area in Korla of Southern Xinjiang. The amount of nitrogen applied in the range of 20 kg can maintain a relatively high yield of cotton.

关 键 词：最佳施氮量 棉花 定位试验 膜下滴灌 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S562[农业科学—农业基础科学]