基于超薄标本断面建立后颅窝三维模型  

Establishment of a three-dimensional model of the posterior skull fossae based on ultra-thin section specimen

作　　者：刘军[1] 曲荣波[1] 杨军[2] 刘树伟[3] 王新功[4] 徐启飞[4] 衡雪源[4] 

机构地区：[1]滨州医学院烟台附属医院神经外科,山东省烟台264100 [2]首都医科大学附属复兴医院神经外科 [3]山东大学医学院断层影像解剖学研究中心 [4]临沂市人民医院神经外科

出　　处：《中华神经外科杂志》2016年第9期923-926,共4页Chinese Journal of Neurosurgery

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金（ZR2014HL044）

摘　　要：目的建立后颅窝三维模型，帮助神经外科医生掌握后颅窝的解剖特点。方法应用冷冻铣切技术，完成2个成人头颅断层标本的制作，通过计算机对头颅薄层连续切片进行信号标定、提取和三维重建，以获得后颅窝内有关结构的三维图像。结果成功获得与后颅窝相关的854张冠状断面图像和353张水平断面图像。在这两套断面上，可以动态追踪有关神经、血管等解剖结构。重建的后颅窝三维模型形态逼真，包含脑干、小脑、椎-基底动脉及Ⅲ-Ⅻ脑神经。该三维模型可以任意旋转、缩放，且可任意拆分。结论通过冷冻铣切技术和计算机处理可建立后颅窝三维模型，形象地显示后颅窝结构的立体解剖关系，从而可增加临床医生对该区域解剖关系的理解。该模型可以作为教学课件应用，亦可作为手术入路选择的依据和模拟手术过程的工具。Objective To establish a three-dimensional model of posterior skull fossae in order to help neurosurgeons to master the anatomical characteristics of posterior cranial fossae. Methods The preparations of 2 adult skull fault specimens were completed by using the freezing milling technique. The calibration, extraction and three-dimensional reconstruction of head serial thin sections were performed by using computers in order to obtain the three-dimensional images of the related structures in the posterior cranial fossae. Results A total of 854 coronal sections and 353 horizontal sections associated with posterior fossae were obtained successfully. On the 2 sets of sections, the anatomical structures such as nerves and blood vessels could be tracked dynamically. The morphology of the three- dimensional model of posterior cranial fossae reconstructed was lifelike, including brain stem, cerebellum, vertebral-basilar artery, and cranial nerve III -XII. The three-dimensional model could be rotated arbitrarily, scaled, and splitted randomly. Conclusions The three-dimensional model of the posterior cranial fossae can be induced by means of the freezing milling technique and visually display the stereoanatomic relationship of the posterior cranial fossa structure, thereby increasing clinicians understand the anatomical relationship of the region. This model can be used as a teaching courseware, and it can also be used as the basis for the selection of operative approach and the tool for simulating the operation process.

关 键 词：颅窝 后 解剖学 横断面 成像 三维 

分 类 号：R651[医药卫生—外科学] R322.8[医药卫生—临床医学]