原位测定滴灌棉田土壤硝态氮和铵态氮的运移特征  

Migration of Soil Nitrate Nitrogen and Ammonium Nitrogen in Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：单娜娜[1] 赖波 杨志莹[1] 丁峰[1] 杨国江[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830001 [2]新疆自治区土壤肥料工作站,新疆乌鲁木齐830001 [3]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2016年第5期1104-1109,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"伊犁新垦区大坡降砂质薄层土不同灌溉方式下灌溉侵蚀机理与侵蚀过程研究"(41261071)资助

摘　　要：氮素对作物生长有着重要的作用。氮肥的施用量逐年增长,自20世纪90年代后,中国的氮盈余量保持在3.60×10~6~5.46×10~6t·a^(-1)。氮肥的利用不但决定作物的长势,同时对环境也带来了较大的影响。采用离子交换树脂法,对土壤中的硝态氮和铵态氮进行原位测定,较为准确地反映了土壤硝态氮和铵态氮的迁移、淋溶和转化等动力特性。研究表明:1埋置土壤中的离子树脂解吸液中各养分的含量均在合理的常规化学检测范围内。2在棉花生育期内,施肥和棉花生长对土壤硝态氮影响较大,施肥会显著提高土壤硝态氮的含量,而在棉花出苗80 d前后土壤硝态氮有明显亏缺。3滴灌棉田土壤铵态氮的含量较低,其时空变化较为复杂,无明显规律,作为施肥参考作用不大。Nitrogen is of vital important in crop growth. Nitrogen application amount was increased year by year, and the annual surplus of nitrogen in China was 3.60×10^6～5.46×10^6t·a^-1. The nitrogen application affects not only crop growth, but also environment. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil were observed by ion exchange resin membrane （IERM） in situ. The test results revealed the dynamic changes of nitrate nitrogen and am- monium nitrogen in soil, such as the migration, eluviation and transformation. The results are as follows：（1） The nutrient content of eluate of ion exchange resin membrane embedded in soil was similar to that obtained with the traditional test methods; （2） Soil nitrate nitrogen was remarkably affected by cotton growth and nitrogen application. Nitrogen application could significantly improve the content of soil nitrate nitrogen, and a deficit of soil nitrate nitrogen occurred around 80 days after the emergence of cotton seedlings ; （3） The content of soil ammonium nitrogen in cotton field under drip irrigation was low, its spatiotemporal change was complicated, and the reference value of the content of soil ammonium nitrogen for fertilization was low.

关 键 词：滴灌 棉田 硝态氮 铵态氮 运移 离子树脂法 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]