不同树形冠层结构对‘早酥’梨产量和品质的影响  

Effects of different tree training systems and canopy structures on yield and fruit quality of‘Zaosu'pear

作　　者：赵明新[1] 张江红[2] 孙文泰[1] 曹刚[1] 王玮[1] 曹素芳[1] 李红旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,兰州730070 [2]河北农业大学,河北保定071000

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第9期1076-1083,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院院列青年基金项目(2013GAAS33);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-29-41);果树种质资源与新品种选育(2014GAAS04);农业部西北地区果树科学观测实验站(10218020);甘肃省农业科学院院列青年基金(2015GAAS27)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨‘早酥’梨适宜栽培树形及树体结构。【方法】以不同树形‘早酥’梨为试材,应用CI-110冠层分析仪和树体调查法对比研究3种树形树体枝类组成和冠层结构对果实产量和品质的影响,从而筛选并确定经济效益较高的适宜树形。【结果】初果期圆柱形树体主干上直接着生枝组数量30~36个,666.7 m2枝量9.99万~10.4万个;圆柱形树体叶面积指数显著低于其他2种树形,直射透过系数最高,消光系数最低,使得中下部叶片可得到较好的光照;圆柱形树形的果实产量、单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、糖酸比数值均显著高于细长纺锤形和对照。另外,冠层参数与品质之间存在着不同的相关性。叶面积系数与单果质量、果形指数呈极显著负相关,与可溶性固形物含量呈显著负相关。【结论】初果期圆柱形冠层结构更合理,果实品质好,产量高,能尽早收回成本。【Objective】‘Zaosu’pear（Pyrus bretschneider Rehd.） is a major variety in Gansu province, andthe main tree training systems are delayed- open central leader system, major-branch open centre sys-tem, and spindle training system. So far no integrative management practices have been applied with thesetraining systems, which lead to a dense canopy, lower mechanization, and even to serious pest and diseas-es occurrence. New tree training systems are necessary for high density growing system in pear. Dwarfing,simplification, compact planting, standardization, and mechanization in pear tree management are ex-tremely urgent to replace the present training system. Quince is the major dwarfing rootstock abroad, andserved as the support to early bearing, high quantity, and lower labor cost. The graft compatibility ofquince and China pear varieties was tested since 1970 s, and the results showed that incompatibility, nofreezing resistance, and no saline tolerance. To explore the labor-saving cultivation pattern under currentconditions became the bottleneck problem and difficulty. Researchers in Agricultural University of Hebeistarted to explore pear labor-saving and high-efficient cultivation mode and technique in 2000, which isapplied successfully on‘Xueqing’and‘Hongxiangsu’pear. The new technique was introduced to our re-search base in Jingtai and Zhangye county, Gangsu province in 2010. The objective of this study was to ex-plore the desired tree structures of different training system for‘Zaosu’pear, and to investigate effects oftree canopy structures on yield and fruit quality of‘Zaosu’pear.【Methods】Correlations between the num-ber and arrangement of the scaffold branches, canopy structure, and fruit quality of‘Zaosu’pear with 3training systems（cylinder, slender spindle and spindle system） were investigated using CI-110 canopy an-alyzer for hemispherical image analysis.【Results】The number of scaffold branches were 30 to 36 per treeat early fruiting stage for the cylinder system,

关 键 词：'早酥’梨 树形 冠层结构 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]