田径短跨项目起跑反应时与运动成绩关联的研究  

Research on Relation between Reaction Time and Performance of Sprint and Hurdle

作　　者：姜宏斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]安阳工学院,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2016年第5期469-475,480,共8页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

摘　　要：反应时作为生理学、心理学及训练学等学科领域的专业术语,受各自学科理论依据与实践实验条件的影响,导致概念界定歧义与数据测量迥异。借助过往经典文献的研究思路与理论架构,取样第15届世界田径锦标赛短跨项目运动员的反应时及运动成绩数据,描述与推断不同性别、轮次、等级水平、项目距离等因素对反应时的影响、反应时与运动成绩的关联及反应时的稳定性。研究表明:1)男女100m、100m栏与110m栏起跑反应时分别存在非常显著性差异与显著性差异,除去男女100m与100m栏、110m栏外,其他不同运动项目间均存在不同程度的显著性差异;2)除去女子200m预复决赛各轮次反应时存在显著性差异外,其他项目未见差异;3)男女100m、200m起跑反应与运动成绩存在显著性相关;4)优秀运动员能够持有较低水平的反应时。科学认识反应时的运行原理及作用、改善运动技术、提高力量素质、积极心理干预等训练参数及手段是提高田径短跨项目运动成绩的根本途径。As a technical term in the fields of physiology’psychology and training theory, the reaction time is influenced by the theoretical basis and the experimental conditions of each subject, which lead to the concept of ambiguity and data measurement difference. By means of classical literature in the past research ideas and theoretical framework, sampling the reaction time and performance data of sprinters and hurdlers in the 15th World Athletics Championships,this paper describes and infers the influence of different gender,rounds, the grade level, the event distance on the reaction time,relation of reaction time with performance, and stability of reaction time. The result shows that 1） there is very significant difference and significant difference between male and female 100m, 100m and 110m hurdles＇ reaction time, except for male and female 100m and 100m hurdles, 110m hurdle, there are certain significant differences between different sports events. 2） Except for significant difference of reaction time in the women＇s 200m qualification round,semifinal and final, there are no differences in other events. 3） There are significant correlation between the male and female 100m, 200m reaction time and performance. 4） Excellent athletes can keep a lower level of reaction time. The basic way to improve the performance of sprint and hurdle is to realize the operation mechanism and function of reaction time scientifically, improve the sports skill and strength fitness, and actively implement psychological intervention.

关 键 词：田径短跨 反应时 运动成绩 实证 优秀运动员 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]