起垄覆盖秸秆对花生生长发育及养分利用的影响  

Effects of Ridge Tillage and Straw Mulching on Growth and Development and Nutrient Uptake of Peanut

作　　者：司贤宗[1] 张翔[1] 毛家伟[1] 李亮[1] 李国平[1] 余辉 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]正阳县花生研究所,河南正阳463600

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2016年第9期1287-1290,共4页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省花生产业技术体系项目(S2012-05-G02);河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金项目;河南省重大科技攻关项目(122101110600)

摘　　要：采用大田随机区组设计,在花生起垄种植方式下,研究了秸秆覆盖方式对花生生长发育及养分利用的影响。结果表明,与不覆盖秸秆相比,秸秆覆盖降低了花生主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数,减少了花针期、结荚期、饱果期花生叶片SPAD值的含量,不利于花生根瘤菌的形成,降低了花生不同部位全氮、全磷、全钾的含量,减少了花生对氮磷钾的吸收积累;其中,垄沟覆盖秸秆对花生生长发育及产量的影响较小,产量降低181.4 kg/hm^2,降低幅度仅为3.9%。试验条件下,小麦秸秆覆盖量为4 500 kg/hm^2,花生能获得较高的荚果产量和氮、磷、钾的积累量,分别为4 481.0,234.6,33.5,112.5 kg/hm^2;垄沟覆盖秸秆种植花生是既能够充分利用小麦秸秆资源,又能保证花生丰产的合理栽培方式。Effects of straw mulching method on growth and development and nutrient uptake of peanut were studied by field experiment with randomized block design in ridge tillage planted peanut. The results indicated that compared with no straw mulching, straw mulching had significant impact on growth and yield of peanut, reduced main stem height, lateral branch length, branch number of peanut, decreased leaf SPAD value of peanut in flowering stage, podding stage, pod-filling stage, were not conducive to form rhizobia in peanut root, reduced content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium in different organs of peanut, decreased accumulation rate of NPK. Among them, straw mulching in furrow had little effect on development and yield, yield only reduced by 181.4 kg/hm2, as much as only 3.9%. In our experiment, wheat straw mulching rate was 4 500 kg/hm2, peanuts could obtain higher yield of pod, accumulation rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, there were 4 481.0 kg/hm2 and 234.6, 33.5, 112.5 kg/hm2, separately, method of ridge planting and furrow straw mulching not only was a full use way of wheat straw resources, but also was a reasonable cultivation way ensured peanut high yield.

关 键 词：起垄耕作 秸秆覆盖 花生 生长发育 养分利用 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]