纳米纤维素的制备及应用研究进展  

Research progress of nanocellulose manufacture and application

作　　者：黄彪[1] 卢麒麟[1] 唐丽荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学材料工程学院,福州350002

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2016年第5期1-9,共9页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201504603);国家林业局"948"项目(2014-4-30);国家自然科学基金(31170520;31370560)

摘　　要：纳米纤维素作为纤维素基纳米材料的代表,不但保留了天然纤维素的性质,同时赋予纳米粒子以高强度、高结晶性、高比表面积、高抗张强度等特性,能够明显改善材料的光、电、磁等性能,在复合材料、精细化工、医药载体、药物缓释等领域具有广阔的应用前景。进一步对纳米纤维素的结构进行调控,在纳米尺度操控纤维素超分子聚集体,进行结构设计并组装出稳定的功能性纤维素基纳米材料,即可以纤维素为原料构建具有优异性能的生物质材料,这也正是目前生物质材料和纤维素科学领域的研究热点。概括了目前纳米纤维素的主要制备方法:机械法、化学法和生物法,并对各种制备方法的优缺点进行了讨论,同时综述了纳米纤维素的应用状况,指出了纳米纤维素的制备及应用方面需要解决的主要问题及今后的发展方向。As a representative of nanomaterials based on cellulose, nanocellulose not only retains properties of natural cellulose, but also has characteristics of nanoparticles such as high strength, high crystallinity, high specific surface area, high tensile strength and other superior properties. The optical, electrical and magnetic properties of materials can be modified obviously with the addition of nanocellulose, which has great application prospect in the fields of composite ma- terials, fine chemical industry, medicine carrier and drug release. This study focuses on adjusting and controlling the structure of nanocellulose in nanometer scale range to prepare functionally excellent biomass materials by means of manipulating the cellulose molecules and supramolecular crystals, structurally designing and assembling stable functional nanomaterials based on cellulose, which is the frontier and hotspot of biomass materials and cellulose science. In order to explore the progress in nanocellulose preparation and its applications, the main preparation methods of nanoeellulose are outlined. Three preparation methods of nanocellulose, including physical, chemical and biological methods are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The applications of nanocellulose are also reviewed in this article, involving the specific regulating function of nanocellulose in the biomineralization process of calcium carbonate, the effect of nanocellulose on the physical strength of gel materials and composite materials and the prospect of nanoeellulose appli- cation in the field of supramoleeular polymer. Nanocellulose can be combined with supramolecular to manufacture functionally excellent supramolecular composite materials based on the existence of a large number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of nanocellulose. The prospect of nanocellulose preparation and its applications are also introduced.

关 键 词：纳米纤维素 制备 纳米材料 应用 

分 类 号：TQ353[化学工程]