湿法浸出高硅氧化锌矿和锌硅酸盐矿物的研究及工艺进展  

Research and Technology Progress about Hydrometallurgical Leaching of High-Silicon Zinc Oxide Ore and Silicate Ore Containing Zinc

作　　者：李林菲[1] 张贤杰[1] 李坚[1,2] 华一新[1,2] 徐存英[1,2] 邱学军[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第4期7-15,共9页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划)项目(2014CB643404);国家自然科学基金项目(51274108;21263007)

摘　　要：高硅氧化锌矿、锌硅酸盐矿物的储量丰富,可作为湿法炼锌重要的后备原料,因此对这类矿物的高效处理方法的研究成为近年湿法冶金领域的研究热点之一.本文对目前国内外高硅氧化锌矿和锌硅酸盐矿物的湿法浸出方法进行了较为系统的总结,分析了现有处理方法的特点.酸浸工艺可采用比较经济的硫酸,且可获得电锌作为最终产品,但需控制较为苛刻的工艺条件以避免大量硅胶的形成;碱浸出工艺的"锌拜耳法"循环虽避免了大量硅胶的形成,但硅的溶解却消耗相当量的碱,所得浸出液仍需考虑脱硅问题,最终只能电积得到锌粉产品,而且还需解决设备的腐蚀问题;氨法浸出能避免硅的溶出,矿浆过滤性能好,矿石中锌浸出率相对较高,同样可获得电锌作为最终产品,若能妥善解决氨水的强挥发问题,将是很有发展前景的工业化生产工艺.The reserves of high- silicon zinc oxide ore and silicate ore containing zinc are enormous,they can be used as the important backup mineral materials in zinc hydrometallurgy. In recent years,it becames one of the hot research topics in hydrometallurgical field to find a high- activity manner in processing these resources. The methods in processing these resources in domestic and overseas was maked a systematically summary,and the characteristics of the processing methods was analyzed. When it comes to acid leaching,cheaper sulfuric acid can be used. Electric zinc will be obtained as the final production. However,technological conditions should be controlled rigorous for forbidding the formation of silica gel. Bayer process of zinc in alkaline leaching avoids formation of the silica gel. But a large number of caustic soda will be wasted,meanwhile desilicication becomes the problem,can only get the zinc powder after electro- deposition. Furthermore,the problem of equipment corrosion needs to be solved. Ammoniacal leaching has high leaching efficiency for zinc except silica,pulp filtration performance good,obtain electric zinc the same as the acid leaching. As long as the issue of ammoniacal volatilization has been solved,ammoniacal leaching would be promising.

关 键 词：高硅氧化锌矿 锌硅酸盐矿物 湿法浸出 湿法冶金 

分 类 号：TF803.2[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]