大石门沟森林公园群落结构与物种多样性特征  

Structure Characteristics of Plant Communities and Species Diversity in Dashimengou Forest Park

作　　者：郭阳[1,2] 张立平[1] 王洪俊[1] 郭明[3] 张永祥[3] 李绍敏 

机构地区：[1]北华大学林学院,吉林吉林132013 [2]长春市绿化管理处,吉林长春130062 [3]长春理工大学光电信息学院,吉林长春130012 [4]安阳市殷都区绿化管理站,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《北华大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第5期595-600,共6页Journal of Beihua University（Natural Science）

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(2013206058NY);国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(2011140051)

摘　　要：采用典型样地法,利用物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、生态优势度指数分析大石门沟森林公园群落结构和物种多样性.结果表明：1）乔木和草本种类丰富,但灌木种类较少.调查区域内乔木共28种,灌木26种,草本91种,分属58科107属,各种类主要以阔叶落叶种为主;2）群落水平结构分布规律不明显,但在垂直结构上呈现出一定的规律性,可分为乔木层、草本层、灌木层.乔木层和草本层结构相对复杂稳定,灌木层结构单一;3）各群落乔木层优势种明显,群落Ⅰ、群落Ⅱ、群落Ⅲ都由3~4个优势种组成,群落Ⅳ乔木层只有1种优势种,如果不进行人工干预,短时间不会改变这种状况;4）群落间的物种多样性指数差异不显著,但各群落的灌木层多样性指数远小于乔木层和草本层,即草本层〉乔木层〉灌木层,物种多样性与物种丰富度和分布均匀度呈正相关.整体来看,大石门沟森林公园物种多样性指数整体趋势为群落Ⅱ〉群落Ⅲ〉群落Ⅰ〉群落Ⅳ.The community structure and species diversity in Dashlmengou Forest Park were analyzed by using the method of typical sample area, the species diversity index, evenness index and ecological dominance index. The results are as follows ： 1 ） The trees and herbaceous species are rich, but shrub species are few, there are 28 kinds of trees in the survey area and 26 species of shrubs and 91 species of herbs, they belong to 58 families 107 genera. 2）The community structure in horizontal distribution is not obvious, but the vertical structure presents a certain regularity,they can be divided into tree layer,herb layer and shrub layer. The tree layer and herb layer structure are relatively complex, shrub layer structure is simple. 3 ） Each community tree layer is of obvious advantages, community Ⅰ , community Ⅱ , community Ⅲ consist of 3 - 4 dominant species, community Ⅳ tree layer is only one dominant species, we can not change it in a short time without human intervention. 4 ） The community species diversity index between the difference was not significant, but each community diversity index of the shrub layer is far less than tree layer and herb layer, herb layer 〉 tree layer 〉 shrub layer. Species richness and species diversity and distribution uniformity were positively correlated. Overall, species diversity index of the overall trend is community Ⅱ 〉 community Ⅲ 〉 community Ⅰ 〉 community Ⅳ.

关 键 词：大石门沟森林公园 群落结构 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S731.2[农业科学—林学]