乳化炸药微观结构对其宏观性能的影响分析  

Influence of microstructure of emulsion explosive on macro performance

作　　者：闫国斌 汪旭光[2] 王尹军[2] 

机构地区：[1]华刚矿业股份有限公司,北京100039 [2]北京矿冶研究总院,北京100160

出　　处：《工程爆破》2016年第5期40-44,共5页Engineering Blasting

基　　金：中国工程院咨询研究资助项目(2016-XZ-09);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50704005)

摘　　要：分析乳化炸药内相粒子大小和分布、界面膜、油膜、第三相物质(敏化剂)对其爆炸性能、稳定性、流变性或黏度等宏观性能的影响,建立了微观结构与宏观性能的关联关系,对一些常见现象进行了解释。分析认为,乳化炸药内相粒子的大小与分布,主要取决于机械作用强度和乳化剂的种类和用量两个方面。在相同的配方和工艺条件下,乳化炸药的内相粒子越小,粒径分布越窄,其稳定性和爆炸性能就越好,黏度较大。内相粒子间界面膜和油膜既与内相粒子密切相关,也对乳化炸药的黏度、流动性和稳定性有重要作用。依据热点理论,当气泡或者气泡载体的尺寸在有效范围之内,且分布均匀时,则形成热点的时间接近,有利于爆炸反应的快速激发和传递,宏观上表现为乳化炸药爆轰感度、爆速和猛度等较大。The influence of the part icle size and dist ribut ion, the interfacial film, the oil film and the third phase substance （sensitization agents） on the explosive properties, stability, rheology and viscosity of emulsion explosives were analyzed. The relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties was established and some common phenomena were explained. The analysis showed that the size and distribution of the phase particles in emulsion explosives were mainly determined by two aspects of the mechanical strength and the type and dosage of the emulsifier. Under the same formulation and process conditions, the smaller the particle size distribution was the more narrow the particle size distribution was the better the stability and explosive properties were,the greater the viscosity was. The interfacial film and oil film of the internal phase particles were closely related to the internal phase particles, and also had important effects on the viscosity, fluidity and stability of emulsion explosives. The analysis according to the theory of hot showed shows that when the size of the bubble or bubble carrier within the effective range and uniform distribution, the time to form every hot spot were close, which was in favor of the explosion re-action fast excitation and transfer, and the detonation sensitivity, velocity of detonation and brisance of emulsion explosiveare larger in mass.

关 键 词：乳化炸药 微观结构 宏观性能 界面膜 

分 类 号：TQ560.1[化学工程—炸药化工]