代乳品中不同来源蛋白质对哺乳期犊牛能氮代谢和免疫状况的影响  

Effect of Protein with Different Sources in Milk Replacer on Energy,Nitrogen Metabolism and Immune State of Suckling Calf

作　　者：黄开武 屠焰[1] 司丙文[1] 许贵善[2] 杜红芳[1] 刁其玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所奶牛营养学北京市重点试验室,北京100081 [2]塔里木大学动物科学学院,阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2016年第9期1868-1878,共11页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：农业部公益性行业专项"南方地区幼龄草食畜禽饲养技术研究"(201303143);2014年北京市农业局科技项目"犊牛早期断奶关键技术集成与示范"

摘　　要：旨在研究代乳品中不同来源蛋白质对哺乳期犊牛营养物质消化代谢和免疫健康状况的影响。试验选用体重、日龄相近的中国荷斯坦公犊牛50头,随机分成5组,设定一个对照组和4个试验组,每组10头犊牛,对照组（MP组）代乳品蛋白源为全乳蛋白,试验组代乳品蛋白源由植物蛋白和乳蛋白（粗蛋白比为70∶30）组成,植物蛋白分别为大豆浓缩蛋白（SP组）、小麦水解蛋白（WP组）、花生浓缩蛋白（PP组）、大米分离蛋白（RP组）。分别在犊牛4～5、8～9周分别进行消化代谢试验,第3、5、7、9周龄时颈静脉采血。试验结果显示,28日龄时,植物蛋白4组犊牛粪能、尿能、消化能、代谢能分别为2.01～2.60、4.37～5.53、12.49～13.09、6.98～8.73 MJ·d-1,氮消化率和沉积率分别为68.94%～82.65%、33.79%～41.67%。其中WP、PP、RP组粪能显著高于MP组（P〈0.05）,WP、PP组消化能、代谢能/总能显著低于MP组（P〈0.05）,WP、PP、RP组消化能/总能显著低于MP组（P〈0.05）,PP组代谢能、代谢能/消化能显著低于MP组（P〈0.05）。植物蛋白4组氮消化率、沉积磷显著低于MP组（P〈0.05）,WP、PP组氮沉积率、沉积钙、沉积钙/摄入钙、消化磷/摄入磷、沉积磷/摄入磷、沉积磷/消化磷均显著低于MP组（P〈0.05）,沉积钙/消化钙WP组显著低于MP组（P〈0.05）。63日龄时植物蛋白4组犊牛粪能、尿能、消化能、代谢能分别为4.75～5.48、10.00～11.02、23.93～24.89、13.20～14.56 MJ·d-1,氮消化率和沉积率分别为71.86%～78.58%、40.70%～44.01%。其中WP、PP组粪能显著高于MP组（P〈0.05）,WP、PP组消化能/总能显著低于MP组（P〈0.05）,WP、PP、RP组氮消化率显著低于MP组（P〈0.05）,沉积钙、沉积钙/摄入钙SP、WP、PP 3组显著低于MP组（P〈0.05）,消化钙/摄入钙SP、WP组显著低于MP组（P〈0.05）,沉积磷PP组显著低于MP组（P〈0.05）,沉积磷/摄入磷、沉积磷/�The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of protein with different sources in milk replacer on nutrient digestion and rumen fermentations of suckling calves. Fifty Chinese Holstein bull calves with similar body weight and day age were randomly assigned to 5 groups （1 control group and 4 treatment groups） with 10 calves for each group. The protein source of control group （MP） was from milk protein. Calves in 4 treatment groups were fed with milk-replacer whose protein contained 70% vegetable protein and 30% milk protein of crude pro- tein. Vegetable proteins were respectively soybean protein concentrate （SP）, hydrolyzed wheat protein （WP）,peanut protein concentrate （PP） and rice protein isolate （RP）. Digestibility trials were respectively performed on 4-5 weeks and 8-9 weeks after birth. Blood serum were respectively extracted on 3,5,7 and 9 weeks after birth. The results showed as follows：At the age of 28 days, fecal energy （FE）,urinary energy （UE）,digestible energy （DE） and metabolic energy （ME） of groups of vegetable protein were 2.01-2.60,4.37-5.53,12.49-13.09,6.98-8.73 MJ · d-1,andthe digestibility and retention of nitrogen （N） were 68.94%-82.65% ,33.79%-41.67% ,respectively. Thereinto,FE of WP,PP,RP groups were significant higher than MP group （P〈0.05）. DE and ME/GE （gross energy） of WP,PP groups were significant lower than MP group （P〈0.05）. DE/ GE of WP,PP,RP groups were significant lower than MP group （P〈0.05）. ME and ME/DE of PP group were significant lower than MP group （P〈0.05）. Nitrogen digestibility （ND） and P re- tention （PR） of all vegetable protein groups were significant lower than MP group（P〈0.05）. Ni- trogen retention （NR）,Ca retention （CAR）,CaR/CaI （Ca retention/Ca intake）,PD/PI （P digest- ibility/P intake）,PR/PI, PR/PD of WP, PP groups were significant lower than MP group （P〈0.05）. CaR/CaD （Ca retention/Ca digestibility） of WP group was significant lower than MP

关 键 词：犊牛 植物蛋白 代乳品 代谢 免疫 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学] S816.4[农业科学—畜牧兽医]